κράνος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
A nominal formation related to κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā, “head”) and κρᾱνῐ́ον (krānĭ́on, “cranium”), albeit with unclear morphology due to the form of the word precluding a laryngeal otherwise found in its relatives. Probably not related to κάρυον (káruon, “nut”) or κραναός (kranaós, “rocky”).[1]
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krá.nos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkra.nos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.nos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkra.nos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkra.nos/
Noun
κρᾰ́νος • (krắnos) n (genitive κρᾰ́νους or κρᾰ́νεος); third declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κρᾰ́νος tò krắnos |
τὼ κρᾰ́νει tṑ krắnei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νη tằ krắnē | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρᾰ́νους toû krắnous |
τοῖν κρᾰνοῖν toîn krănoîn |
τῶν κρᾰνῶν tôn krănôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρᾰ́νει tōî krắnei |
τοῖν κρᾰνοῖν toîn krănoîn |
τοῖς κρᾰ́νεσῐ / κρᾰ́νεσῐν toîs krắnesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κρᾰ́νος tò krắnos |
τὼ κρᾰ́νει tṑ krắnei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νη tằ krắnē | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρᾰ́νος krắnos |
κρᾰ́νει krắnei |
κρᾰ́νη krắnē | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | τὸ κρᾰ́νος tò krắnos |
τὼ κρᾰ́νεε / κρᾰ́νει tṑ krắnee / krắnei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νεᾰ tằ krắneă | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ κρᾰ́νεος / κρᾰ́νευς toû krắneos / krắneus |
τοῖν κρᾰνέοιν toîn krănéoin |
τῶν κρᾰνέων tôn krănéōn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ κρᾰ́νεῐ̈ / κρᾰ́νει tōî krắneĭ̈ / krắnei |
τοῖν κρᾰνέοιν toîn krănéoin |
τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν κρᾰ́νεσῐ / κρᾰ́νεσῐν toîsĭ(n) krắnesĭ(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸ κρᾰ́νος tò krắnos |
τὼ κρᾰ́νεε / κρᾰ́νει tṑ krắnee / krắnei |
τᾰ̀ κρᾰ́νεᾰ tằ krắneă | ||||||||||
| Vocative | κρᾰ́νος krắnos |
κρᾰ́νεε / κρᾰ́νει krắnee / krắnei |
κρᾰ́νεᾰ krắneă | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Descendants
- Greek: κράνος (krános)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κράνος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 771
Further reading
- “κράνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κράνος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- “κράνος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κράνος in Pape, Wilhelm (1914), Max Sengebusch, editor, Handwörterbuch der griechischen Sprache[1] (in German), 3rd edition, Braunschweig: Friedrich Vieweg und Sohn
- κράνος, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
Etymology
From Ancient Greek κρᾰ́νος (krắnos).
Pronunciation
Noun
κράνος • (krános) n (plural κράνη)
- helmet (for cycling, motorcycling, police, etc)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | κράνος (krános) | κράνη (kráni) |
| genitive | κράνους (kránous) | κρανών (kranón) |
| accusative | κράνος (krános) | κράνη (kráni) |
| vocative | κράνος (krános) | κράνη (kráni) |
The ungrammatical plural κράνοι is found
Synonyms
- κάσκα f (káska) (less common term)
- (military) περικεφαλαία f (perikefalaía)
Related terms
- κρανίο n (kranío, “skull”)
Further reading
- κράνος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language