καταχρίω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From κατα- (kata-, “down, thoroughly”) +‎ χρῑ́ω (khrī́ō, “to rub, smear; anoint”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ka.ta.kʰrǐː.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ka.taˈkʰri.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ka.taˈxri.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ka.taˈxri.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ka.taˈxri.o/

Verb

κᾰταχρῑ́ω • (kătakhrī́ō)

to anoint, smear, or coat thoroughly or over a surface; to apply a substance by rubbing on
- 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, History of Animals 625b.31:
  καταχρίειν
  katakhríein
  to smear or coat
- IG, 11 2.203:
  τέγη κατεχρίσθη
  tégē katekhrísthē
  the roof was coated
- 300 BCE – 200 BCE, Septuagint, Exodus 2.3:
  θίβιν ἀσφαλτοπίσσῃ κατέχρισεν
  thíbin asphaltopíssēi katékhrisen
  she coated the basket with bitumen and pitch
- 125 CE – 200 CE, Lucian, Anacharsis 9:
  πηλῷ κατέχρισεν τὸ πρόσωπον
  pēlōî katékhrisen tò prósōpon
  he smeared his face with clay
- 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, Various History 2.15:
  θρόνους ἀσβόλῳ κατεχρισμένους
  thrónous asbólōi katekhrisménous
  thrones coated with soot
(middle voice) to anoint or smear oneself
- c. 100 CE – 200 CE, Artemidorus, 4 41:
  τὸ πρόσωπον κεχρῖσθαι
  tò prósōpon kekhrîsthai
  to have anointed one’s face
(passive voice) to be anointed, smeared, or coated
- AD 40–90, Dioscorides, 2 70:
  κατακεχρισμένος
  katakekhrisménos
  having been anointed
- Marc. Aur., 3 3:
  βολβίτῳ κατακεχρισμένος
  bolbítōi katakekhrisménos
  smeared with onion pulp

Conjugation

Present: κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ω, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εις	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ει	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ετον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ετον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ομεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ετε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ῃς	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ῃ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ωμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ητε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιμῐ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οις	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑοίτην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιτε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιεν
	imperative		κᾰτᾰ́χρῑε	κᾰτᾰχρῑέτω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ετον	κᾰτᾰχρῑέτων		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ετε	κᾰτᾰχρῑόντων
middle/passive	indicative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ομαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ῃ, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ει	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εται	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑόμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ονται
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ωμαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ῃ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ηται	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ησθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ησθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑώμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ησθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ωνται
	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑοίμην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιτο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οισθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑοίσθην	κᾰτᾰχρῑοίμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οισθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́οιντο
	imperative		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ου	κᾰτᾰχρῑέσθω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑέσθων		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ειν				κᾰτᾰχρῑ́εσθαι
participle	m	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ων				κᾰτᾰχρῑόμενος
	f	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́ουσᾰ				κᾰτᾰχρῑομένη
	n	κᾰτᾰχρῖον				κᾰτᾰχρῑόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Imperfect: κᾰτέχρῑον, κᾰτεχρῑόμην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰτέχρῑον	κᾰτέχρῑες	κᾰτέχρῑε(ν)	κᾰτεχρῑ́ετον	κᾰτεχρῑέτην	κᾰτεχρῑ́ομεν	κᾰτεχρῑ́ετε	κᾰτέχρῑον
middle/passive	indicative	κᾰτεχρῑόμην	κᾰτεχρῑ́ου	κᾰτεχρῑ́ετο	κᾰτεχρῑ́εσθον	κᾰτεχρῑέσθην	κᾰτεχρῑόμεθᾰ	κᾰτεχρῑ́εσθε	κᾰτεχρῑ́οντο
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Future: κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σω, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σομαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεις	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σει	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σετον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σετον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σομεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σετε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σουσῐ(ν)
active	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιμῐ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοις	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσοίτην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιτε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιεν
middle	indicative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σομαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σῃ, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σει	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεται	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσόμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεσθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σονται
middle	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑσοίμην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιτο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοισθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσοίσθην	κᾰτᾰχρῑσοίμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοισθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σοιντο
		active			middle
infinitive		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σειν			κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σεσθαι
participle	m	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σων			κᾰτᾰχρῑσόμενος
	f	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σουσᾰ			κᾰτᾰχρῑσομένη
	n	κᾰτᾰχρῖσον			κᾰτᾰχρῑσόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Aorist: κᾰτέχρῑσᾰ, κᾰτεχρῑσᾰ́μην, κᾰτεχρῑ́σθην

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰτέχρῑσᾰ	κᾰτέχρῑσᾰς	κᾰτέχρῑσε(ν)	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰτον	κᾰτεχρῑσᾰ́την	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰμεν	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰτε	κᾰτέχρῑσᾰν
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σῃς	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σῃ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σωμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σητε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιμῐ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σειᾰς, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαις	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σειε(ν), κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσαίτην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιτε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σειᾰν, κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιεν
	imperative		κᾰτᾰ́χρῑσον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́τω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾰτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́των		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾰτε	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́ντων
middle	indicative	κᾰτεχρῑσᾰ́μην	κᾰτεχρῑ́σω	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰτο	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰσθον	κᾰτεχρῑσᾰ́σθην	κᾰτεχρῑσᾰ́μεθᾰ	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰσθε	κᾰτεχρῑ́σᾰντο
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σωμαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σῃ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σηται	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σησθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σησθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσώμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σησθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σωνται
	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑσαίμην	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιτο	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαισθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσαίσθην	κᾰτᾰχρῑσαίμεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαισθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σαιντο
	imperative		κᾰτᾰ́χρῑσαι	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́σθω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾰσθον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́σθων		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾰσθε	κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́σθων
passive	indicative	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθην	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθης	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθη	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθητον	κᾰτεχρῑσθήτην	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθημεν	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθητε	κᾰτεχρῑ́σθησᾰν
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῶ	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῇς	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῇ	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῆτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῆτον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῶμεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῆτε	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείην	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείης	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείη	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθεῖτον, κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείτην, κᾰτᾰχρῑσθειήτην	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθεῖμεν, κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείημεν	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθεῖτε, κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείητε	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθεῖεν, κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείησᾰν
	imperative		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σθητῐ	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθήτω	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σθητον	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθήτων		κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σθητε	κᾰτᾰχρῑσθέντων
		active			middle		passive
infinitive		κᾰτᾰχρῖσαι			κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾰσθαι		κᾰτᾰχρῑσθῆναι
participle	m	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾱς			κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́μενος		κᾰτᾰχρῑσθείς
	f	κᾰτᾰχρῑ́σᾱσᾰ			κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰμένη		κᾰτᾰχρῑσθεῖσᾰ
	n	κᾰτᾰχρῖσᾰν			κᾰτᾰχρῑσᾰ́μενον		κᾰτᾰχρῑσθέν
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Perfect: κᾰτᾰκέχρῑκᾰ, κᾰτᾰκέχρῑμαι

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑκᾰ	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑκᾰς	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑκε(ν)	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κᾰτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κᾰτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κᾰμεν	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κᾰτε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κᾱσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κω	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κῃς	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κῃ	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κητον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κητον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κωμεν	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κητε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κωσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοιμῐ, κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκοίην	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοις, κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκοίης	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοι, κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκοίη	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοιτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκοίτην	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοιμεν	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοιτε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κοιεν
	imperative		κᾰτᾰκέχρῑκε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκέτω	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κετον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκέτων		κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́κετε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκόντων
middle/passive	indicative	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑμαι	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσαι	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑται	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσθον	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσθον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́μεθᾰ	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσθε	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑνται
	subjunctive	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος ὦ	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος ᾖς	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος ᾖ	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένω ἦτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένω ἦτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι ὦμεν	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι ἦτε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
	optative	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος εἴην	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος εἴης	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος εἴη	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένω εἴητον, εἶτον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένω εἰήτην, εἴτην	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι εἴημεν, εἶμεν	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι εἴητε, εἶτε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένοι εἴησᾰν, εἶεν
	imperative		κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσο	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́σθω	κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσθον	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́σθων		κᾰτᾰκέχρῑσθε	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑ́σθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκέναι				κᾰτᾰκεχρῖσθαι
participle	m	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκώς				κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένος
	f	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκυῖᾰ				κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένη
	n	κᾰτᾰκεχρῑκός				κᾰτᾰκεχρῑμένον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Usage notes

The verb καταχρῑ́ω (katakhrī́ō) emphasizes complete or extensive application, often describing surfaces, bodies, or objects intentionally coated with a substance (e.g. pitch, oil, clay, soot). In medical and technical contexts, it contrasts with ἐγχρῑ́ω (enkhrī́ō), which focuses on localized or inward application.

Derived terms

κατάχρῑστος (katákhrīstos)

Related terms

ἐγχρῑ́ω (enkhrī́ō)
ἐπιχρῑ́ω (epikhrī́ō)