εὔχομαι

See also: εύχομαι

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Hellenic *eukʰomai (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀁𐀄𐀐𐀵 (e-u-ke-to, “εὔχεται (eúkhetai)”)),[1] thematized from Proto-Indo-European *h₁é-h₁ugʰ-tor, reduplicated present from *h₁wegʷʰ- (“to promise, to praise”). The Mycenaean evidence indicates that the thematicization must have occurred at an early date, prior to the time of Homer. However, a possibly imperfect athematic form εὖκτο (eûkto) has been discovered in an inscription from Thebais. This term could reflect a possible original athematic flexion,[2] though the linguist Oswald Szemerényi suggests that it is more likely an aorist formed innovatively on the model of terms such as λέκτο (lékto) and λέχομαι (lékhomai).[3]

Cognates include Sanskrit ओहते (óhate), वाघत् (vāghát), Avestan 𐬀𐬊𐬘𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬈 (aojaite), Old Armenian գոգեմ (gogem), and Latin voveō.[4]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

εὔχομαι • (eúkhomai) (deponent)

  1. to pray, offer prayers
  2. to pray for, wish for, long for
  3. to vow or promise to do
  4. to profess loudly, to boast, vaunt

Inflection

   Present: εὔχομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative εὔχομαι εὔχῃ,
εὔχει 		εὔχεται εὔχεσθον εὔχεσθον εὐχόμεθᾰ εὔχεσθε εὔχονται
subjunctive εὔχωμαι εὔχῃ εὔχηται εὔχησθον εὔχησθον εὐχώμεθᾰ εὔχησθε εὔχωνται
optative εὐχοίμην εὔχοιο εὔχοιτο εὔχοισθον εὐχοίσθην εὐχοίμεθᾰ εὔχοισθε εὔχοιντο
imperative   εὔχου εὐχέσθω εὔχεσθον εὐχέσθων   εὔχεσθε εὐχέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive εὔχεσθαι
participle m εὐχόμενος
f εὐχομένη
n εὐχόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: εὔχομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative εὔχομαι εὔχεαι,
εὔχῃ 		εὔχεται εὔχεσθον εὔχεσθον εὐχόμε(σ)θᾰ εὔχεσθε εὔχονται
subjunctive εὔχωμαι εὔχηαι,
εὔχῃ 		εὔχηται εὔχησθον εὔχησθον εὐχώμε(σ)θᾰ εὔχησθε εὔχωνται
optative εὐχοίμην εὔχοιο εὔχοιτο εὔχοισθον εὐχοίσθην εὐχοίμε(σ)θᾰ εὔχοισθε εὐχοίᾰτο
imperative   εὔχεο,
εὔχευ 		εὐχέσθω εὔχεσθον εὐχέσθων   εὔχεσθε εὐχέσθων
middle/passive
infinitive εὔχεσθαι
participle m εὐχόμενος
f εὐχομένη
n εὐχόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ηὐχόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ηὐχόμην ηὔχου ηὔχετο ηὔχεσθον ηὐχέσθην ηὐχόμεθᾰ ηὔχεσθε ηὔχοντο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: εὐχόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative εὐχόμην εὔχου,
εὔχεο 		εὔχετο εὔχεσθον εὐχέσθην εὐχόμε(σ)θᾰ εὔχεσθε εὔχοντο
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: εὔξομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative εὔξομαι εὔξῃ,
εὔξει 		εὔξεται εὔξεσθον εὔξεσθον εὐξόμεθᾰ εὔξεσθε εὔξονται
optative εὐξοίμην εὔξοιο εὔξοιτο εὔξοισθον εὐξοίσθην εὐξοίμεθᾰ εὔξοισθε εὔξοιντο
middle
infinitive εὔξεσθαι
participle m εὐξόμενος
f εὐξομένη
n εὐξόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ηὐξᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative ηὐξᾰ́μην ηὔξω ηὔξᾰτο ηὔξᾰσθον ηὐξᾰ́σθην ηὐξᾰ́μεθᾰ ηὔξᾰσθε ηὔξᾰντο
subjunctive εὔξωμαι εὔξῃ εὔξηται εὔξησθον εὔξησθον εὐξώμεθᾰ εὔξησθε εὔξωνται
optative εὐξαίμην εὔξαιο εὔξαιτο εὔξαισθον εὐξαίσθην εὐξαίμεθᾰ εὔξαισθε εὔξαιντο
imperative   εὖξαι εὐξᾰ́σθω εὔξᾰσθον εὐξᾰ́σθων   εὔξᾰσθε εὐξᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive εὔξᾰσθαι
participle m εὐξᾰ́μενος
f εὐξᾰμένη
n εὐξᾰ́μενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εὐξᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative εὐξᾰ́μην εὔξᾰο εὔξᾰτο εὔξᾰσθον εὐξᾰ́σθην εὐξᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ εὔξᾰσθε εὔξᾰντο
subjunctive εὔξωμαι,
εὔξομαι 		εὔξῃ,
εὔξεαι 		εὔξηται,
εὔξεται 		εὔξησθον εὔξησθον εὐξώμε(σ)θᾰ,
εὐξόμε(σ)θᾰ 		εὔξησθε εὔξωνται
optative εὐξαίμην εὔξαιο εὔξαιτο εὔξαισθον εὐξαίσθην εὐξαίμε(σ)θᾰ εὔξαισθε εὐξαίᾰτο
imperative   εὖξαι εὐξᾰ́σθω εὔξᾰσθον εὐξᾰ́σθων   εὔξᾰσθε εὐξᾰ́σθων
middle
infinitive εὔξᾰσθαι
participle m εὐξᾰ́μενος
f εὐξᾰμένη
n εὐξᾰ́μενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Perfect: ηὖγμαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ηὖγμαι ηὖξαι ηὖκται ηὖχθον ηὖχθον ηὔγμεθᾰ ηὖχθε ηὔχᾰται
subjunctive ηὐγμένος ὦ ηὐγμένος ᾖς ηὐγμένος ᾖ ηὐγμένω ἦτον ηὐγμένω ἦτον ηὐγμένοι ὦμεν ηὐγμένοι ἦτε ηὐγμένοι ὦσῐ(ν)
optative ηὐγμένος εἴην ηὐγμένος εἴης ηὐγμένος εἴη ηὐγμένω εἴητον,
εἶτον 		ηὐγμένω εἰήτην,
εἴτην 		ηὐγμένοι εἴημεν,
εἶμεν 		ηὐγμένοι εἴητε,
εἶτε 		ηὐγμένοι εἴησᾰν,
εἶεν
imperative   ηὖξο ηὔχθω ηὖχθον ηὔχθων   ηὖχθε ηὔχθων
middle/passive
infinitive ηὖχθαι
participle m ηὐγμένος
f ηὐγμένη
n ηὐγμένον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Pluperfect: ηὔγμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle/passive indicative ηὔγμην ηὖξο ηὖκτο ηὖχθον ηὔχθην ηὔγμεθᾰ ηὖχθε ηὔχᾰτο
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

with prepositional prefixes:

  • ἀπεύχομαι (apeúkhomai)
  • ἐνεύχομαι (eneúkhomai)
  • ἐξεύχομαι (exeúkhomai)
  • ἐπευχάδιος (epeukhádios)
  • ἐπεύχομαι (epeúkhomai)
  • κατεύχομαι (kateúkhomai)
  • μετεύχομαι (meteúkhomai)
  • προκατεύχομαι (prokateúkhomai)
  • προσεπεύχομαι (prosepeúkhomai)
  • προσεύχομαι (proseúkhomai)
  • προσκατεύχομαι (proskateúkhomai)
  • συγκατεύχομαι (sunkateúkhomai)
  • συνεπεύχομαι (sunepeúkhomai)
  • συνεύχομαι (suneúkhomai)

with suffixes:

Descendants

  • → Greek: εύχομαι (éfchomai) (learned)

References

  1. ^ εὔχομαι - Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας Etymologikó lexikó tis néas ellinikís glóssas [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek language] (in Greek), Athens: Lexicology Centre
  2. ^ Grestenberger, Laura (1 January 2016), “Reconstructing Proto-Indo-European Deponents”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎[1], volume 4, number 1, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 113-114
  3. ^ Szemerényi, Oswald (1964), “Loss of e or o”, in Syncope in Greek and Indo-European‎[2], Naples, page 176
  4. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “εὔχομαι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 485-6

Further reading

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