δύο
See also: δυο
Ancient Greek
| 20 | ||
| ← 1 | β’ 2 |
3 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: δῠ́ο (dŭ́o) Ordinal: δεύτερος (deúteros) Adverbial: δίς (dís) Collective: δῠᾰ́ς (dŭắs) | ||
Alternative forms
- δῠ́’ (dŭ́’) — apocopic
- δῠ́ω (dŭ́ō) — Epic, Ionic
- δούο (doúo), δῐούο (dĭoúo) — Boeotian
- δῠ́ε (dŭ́e) — Laconian
- δῠ́ϝε (dŭ́we) — Euboean, Aetolian
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *dúwo, from Proto-Indo-European *duwó, a variant of *dwóh₁.[1] Cognates include Sanskrit द्व (dvá), Old Armenian երկու (erku), Latin duo, and Old English twā (English two).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /dý.o/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈdy.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈðy.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈðy.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈði.o/
Numeral
δῠ́ο • (dŭ́o) (ordinal δεύτερος, adverbial δῐ́ς)
Declension
| Number | Dual | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||||||
| Nominative | δῠ́ο dŭ́o |
δῠ́ο dŭ́o | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | δῠοῖν δῠεῖν dŭoîn dŭeîn |
δῠοῖν δῠεῖν dŭoîn dŭeîn | ||||||||||||
| Dative | δῠοῖν δῠεῖν δῠσῐ́ δῠσῐ́ν dŭoîn dŭeîn dŭsĭ́(n) |
δῠοῖν δῠεῖν δῠσῐ́ δῠσῐ́ν dŭoîn dŭeîn dŭsĭ́(n) | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | δῠ́ο dŭ́o |
δῠ́ο dŭ́o | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | δῠ́ο dŭ́o |
δῠ́ο dŭ́o | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
| Number | Plural | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||||||||
| Nominative | δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō |
δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō | ||||||||||||
| Genitive | δῠῶν δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭôn dŭ́o dŭ́ō |
δῠῶν δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭôn dŭ́o dŭ́ō | ||||||||||||
| Dative | δῠοῖσῐ δῠοῖσῐν δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭoîsĭ(n) dŭ́o dŭ́ō |
δῠοῖσῐ δῠοῖσῐν δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭoîsĭ(n) dŭ́o dŭ́ō | ||||||||||||
| Accusative | δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō |
δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō | ||||||||||||
| Vocative | δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō |
δῠ́ο δῠ́ω dŭ́o dŭ́ō | ||||||||||||
| Notes: |
| |||||||||||||
Various dialects inflected δύο (dúo) differently, and it was sometimes undeclined; this merely represents a sampling of various inflections. Inflection is normally more redundant than shown here.
Derived terms
- δῠῐ̈κός (dŭĭ̈kós)
- δῠῐ̈κῶς (dŭĭ̈kôs)
- δῠοκαίδεκᾰ (dŭokaídekă)
- δῠώδεκᾰ (dŭṓdekă)
- δώδεκᾰ (dṓdekă)
Related terms
Descendants
- Greek: δύο (dýo, “two”)
- Cappadocian Greek:
- Northeastern:
- Northwestern:
- Central:
- Axo: dυ̯ό (dy̯ó), dύο (dýo)
- Misthi: γυ̯ό (gy̯ó)
- Southwestern:
- Aravan: ρυ̯ό (ry̯ó), ἰρυ̯ό (ἰry̯ó)
- Gurzono: ρυ̯ό (ry̯ó), ἐρυ̯ό (ἐry̯ó)
- Fertek: ǰό (ǰó)
- Southeastern:
- Oulagatz: ρυ̯ό (ry̯ó), ἐρυ̯ό (ἐry̯ó)
- Semendere: ἰζυ̯ό (ἰzy̯ó)
- Mariupol Greek: дъы́я (ðýja)
- Pharasiot:
- Pharasa: δύο (dýo)
- Çukuri: δύου (dýou)
- Silliot:
- Sille: γυ̯ό (gy̯ó)
- Tsakonian:
- Southern: δύου (dýou), δύ’ (dý’)
- Propontis: ντύο (ntýo), ντυό (ntyó), ντό (ntó)
References
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δύο”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 359
Further reading
- “δύο”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “δύο”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “δύο”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- δύο in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001), A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- δύο in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- δύο in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “δύο”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1417 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- two idem, page 904.
- δύο, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
Greek
| < α΄ | β΄ | γ΄ > |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal : δύο (dýo) Ordinal : δεύτερος (défteros) | ||
Alternative forms
- δυο (dyo)
Etymology
From Ancient Greek δύο (dúo), from Proto-Hellenic *dúwo, from Proto-Indo-European *duwó, *duwéh₃ (*dwóh₁).
Compare Mariupol Greek дъы́я (ðýja), дъи́я (ðíja).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈði.o/
Audio: (file) - Hyphenation: δύ‧ο
- Homophone: δύω (dýo)
Numeral
δύο • (dýo) (invariable)
Examples
Έχω ανάγκη δύο καφέδες για να ξυπνήσω.
Usage notes
The stressed form is used to reinforce the number (compare with δυο (dyo)).
Coordinate terms
- Greek number and measurement
Derived terms
- δυόμισι (dyómisi, “half past two, two and a half”)
Related terms
- δυαδικός (dyadikós)
Noun
δύο • (dýo) n (indeclinable)
- two (playing card)
Further reading
- δύο, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language