δάμαρ

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

δόμορτις (dómortis)

Etymology

Unknown. Traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *dṓm (“house, home”), like δόμος (dómos, “dwelling”), and the root ἀρ- in ἀραρίσκω (ararískō, “to join, fit together”). Perhaps more likely from an -r/n-stem like Proto-Indo-European *dómh₂-r̥ (from Proto-Indo-European *demh₂- (“tame”)), with the -τ- taken over from the n-stem forms.^[1]

However, the word could also be of Pre-Greek origin, in view of the suffix -αρ (-ar).

Pronunciation

(Attic, Ionic, etc.):

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dá.mar/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈda.mar/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/

(Epic):

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dá.maːr/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈda.mar/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈða.mar/

Noun

δᾰ́μᾱ̆ρ • (dắmā̆r) f (genitive δᾰ́μᾰρτος); third declension

wife; spouse
Synonyms: γυνή (gunḗ), ἄλοχος (álokhos), σύνευνος (súneunos), ἄκοιτις (ákoitis), σύλλεκτρος (súllektros), εὖνις (eûnis), παράκοιτις (parákoitis), συνευνέτις (suneunétis), συνάορος (sunáoros), ὄαρ (óar), ὁμευνέτις (homeunétis), σύζυγος (súzugos), εὐνάτειρα (eunáteira), ευνήτρια (eunḗtria)
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 14.503:
  οὐδὲ γὰρ ἣ Προμάχοιο δάμαρ Ἀλεγηνορίδαο […]
  oudè gàr hḕ Promákhoio dámar Alegēnorídao […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- c. 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.126:
  […] Ἀλκάνδρη, Πολύβοιο δάμαρ, ὃς ἔναιʼ ἐνὶ Θήβῃς […]
  […] Alkándrē, Polúboio dámar, hòs énai’ enì Thḗbēis […]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Third declension of ἡ δᾰ́μᾰρ; τῆς δᾰ́μᾰρτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ δᾰ́μᾰρ hē dắmăr	τὼ δᾰ́μᾰρτε tṑ dắmărte	αἱ δᾰ́μᾰρτες hai dắmărtes
Genitive	τῆς δᾰ́μᾰρτος tês dắmărtos	τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιν toîn dămắrtoin	τῶν δᾰμᾰ́ρτων tôn dămắrtōn
Dative	τῇ δᾰ́μᾰρτῐ tēî dắmărtĭ	τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιν toîn dămắrtoin	ταῖς δᾰ́μᾰρσῐ / δᾰ́μᾰρσῐν taîs dắmărsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰ tḕn dắmărtă	τὼ δᾰ́μᾰρτε tṑ dắmărte	τᾱ̀ς δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰς tā̀s dắmărtăs
Vocative	δᾰ́μᾰρ dắmăr	δᾰ́μᾰρτε dắmărte	δᾰ́μᾰρτες dắmărtes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of δᾰ́μᾱρ; δᾰ́μᾰρτος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	δᾰ́μᾱρ dắmār	δᾰ́μᾰρτε dắmărte	δᾰ́μᾰρτες dắmărtes
Genitive	δᾰ́μᾰρτος dắmărtos	δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιῐ̈ν dămắrtoiĭ̈n	δᾰμᾰ́ρτων dămắrtōn
Dative	δᾰ́μᾰρτῐ dắmărtĭ	δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιῐ̈ν dămắrtoiĭ̈n	δᾰ́μᾰρσῐ / δᾰ́μᾰρσῐν / δᾰμᾰ́ρτεσῐ / δᾰμᾰ́ρτεσῐν / δᾰμᾰ́ρτεσσῐ / δᾰμᾰ́ρτεσσῐν dắmărsĭ(n) / dămắrtesĭ(n) / dămắrtessĭ(n)
Accusative	δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰ dắmărtă	δᾰ́μᾰρτε dắmărte	δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰς dắmărtăs
Vocative	δᾰ́μᾱρ dắmār	δᾰ́μᾰρτε dắmărte	δᾰ́μᾰρτες dắmărtes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ἡ δᾰ́μᾰρ; τῆς δᾰ́μᾰρτος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ δᾰ́μᾰρ hē dắmăr	τὼ δᾰ́μᾰρτε tṑ dắmărte	αἱ δᾰ́μᾰρτες hai dắmărtes
Genitive	τῆς δᾰ́μᾰρτος tês dắmărtos	τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιν toîn dămắrtoin	τῶν δᾰμᾰ́ρτων tôn dămắrtōn
Dative	τῇ δᾰ́μᾰρτῐ tēî dắmărtĭ	τοῖν δᾰμᾰ́ρτοιν toîn dămắrtoin	τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν δᾰ́μᾰρσῐ / δᾰ́μᾰρσῐν tēîsĭ(n) dắmărsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰ tḕn dắmărtă	τὼ δᾰ́μᾰρτε tṑ dắmărte	τᾱ̀ς δᾰ́μᾰρτᾰς tā̀s dắmărtăs
Vocative	δᾰ́μᾰρ dắmăr	δᾰ́μᾰρτε dắmărte	δᾰ́μᾰρτες dắmărtes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

δῠσδᾰ́μᾰρ (dŭsdắmăr)

References

^ Chow, Ludenna Fong (2012) The poetics of hierarchy: defining the semantic scope of Indo-European *demH2- in Homeric Greek (MA), pages 69-72