γραῦς

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

γρηῦς (grēûs) — Epic, Ionic
γρῆῠ̈ς (grêŭ̈s), γρηῠ̈́ς (grēŭ̈́s) — Epic
γρεῦς (greûs), γρᾱῐ̈́ς (grāĭ̈́s) — Koine collateral forms
γρᾱῦῐ̈ς (grāûĭ̈s) — Doric

Etymology

From *γρᾱ́ϝ- (*grā́w-), a contraction of the stem *γρᾰέϝ- (*grăéw-), from Proto-Hellenic *grayéus, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂-yéw-s, from *ǵerh₂- (“grow old”).^[1] The variety of dialectal forms result from different attempts to phonologically repair the sequence -ᾱϝ (-āw, Ionic -ηϝ- (-ēw-)) before consonant-endings; before vowel-endings, -ϝ- (-w-) was simply lost.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ɡrâːu̯s/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡraʍs/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣraɸs/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈɣrafs/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈɣrafs/

Noun

γρᾱῦς • (grāûs) f (genitive γρᾱός); third declension

an old woman
Coordinate term: γέρων (gérōn)

Declension

Third declension of ἡ γρᾱῦς; τῆς γρᾱός (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γρᾱῦς hē grāûs	τὼ γρᾶε tṑ grâe	αἱ γρᾶες hai grâes
Genitive	τῆς γρᾱός tês grāós	τοῖν γρᾱοῖν toîn grāoîn	τῶν γρᾱῶν tôn grāôn
Dative	τῇ γρᾱῐ̈́ tēî grāĭ̈́	τοῖν γρᾱοῖν toîn grāoîn	ταῖς γρᾱυσῐ́ / γρᾱυσῐ́ν taîs grāusĭ́(n)
Accusative	τὴν γρᾱῦν tḕn grāûn	τὼ γρᾶε tṑ grâe	τᾱ̀ς γρᾱῦς tā̀s grāûs
Vocative	γρᾱῦ grāû	γρᾶε grâe	γρᾶες grâes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of γρηῦς / γρῆῠ̈ς / γρηῠ̈́ς; γρηός (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	γρηῦς / γρῆῠ̈ς / γρηῠ̈́ς grēûs / grêŭ̈s / grēŭ̈́s	γρῆε / γρηέ grêe / grēé	γρῆες / γρηές grêes / grēés
Genitive	γρηός grēós	γρηοῖῐ̈ν grēoîĭ̈n	γρηῶν / γρηών grēôn / grēṓn
Dative	γρηῐ̈́ grēĭ̈́	γρηοῖῐ̈ν grēoîĭ̈n	γρηυσῐ́ / γρηυσῐ́ν / γρήεσῐ / γρήεσῐν / γρήεσσῐ / γρήεσσῐν grēusĭ́(n) / grḗesĭ(n) / grḗessĭ(n)
Accusative	γρῆᾰ / γρηᾰ́ grêă / grēắ	γρῆε / γρηέ grêe / grēé	γρῆᾰς / γρηᾰ́ς grêăs / grēắs
Vocative	γρηῦ / γρῆῠ̈ / γρηῠ̈́ grēû / grêŭ̈ / grēŭ̈́	γρῆε / γρηέ grêe / grēé	γρῆες / γρηές grêes / grēés
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ἡ γρηῦς; τῆς γρηός (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ γρηῦς hē grēûs	τὼ γρηε tṑ grēe	αἱ γρηες hai grēes
Genitive	τῆς γρηός tês grēós	τοῖν γρηοῖν toîn grēoîn	τῶν γρηῶν tôn grēôn
Dative	τῇ γρηῐ̈́ tēî grēĭ̈́	τοῖν γρηοῖν toîn grēoîn	τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν γρηυσῐ́ / γρηυσῐ́ν tēîsĭ(n) grēusĭ́(n)
Accusative	τὴν γρῆᾰ tḕn grêă	τὼ γρηε tṑ grēe	τᾱ̀ς γρηῦς tā̀s grēûs
Vocative	γρηῦ grēû	γρηε grēe	γρηες grēes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

γρᾷᾰ (grāîă)
γρᾴδῐον (grāídĭon)
γραίᾱ (graíā)
γραῖᾰ (graîă)
γρᾱῐ̈́δῐον (grāĭ̈́dĭon)
γραίδῐον (graídĭon)
γρᾱῐ̈́ζω (grāĭ̈́zō)
γραίη (graíē)
γραῖκες (graîkes)
γρᾱῐ̈́κός (grāĭ̈́kós)
Γραίξ (Graíx)
Γρᾱῐ̈́ξ (Grāĭ̈́x)
γραιόομαι (graióomai)
γραῖος (graîos)
γραιοσόβης (graiosóbēs)
γραιοῦμαι (graioûmai)
γραίοψῐς (graíopsĭs)
γρᾱῐ̈́ς (grāĭ̈́s)
γραιώδης (graiṓdēs)
γραιωπῐ́ᾱς (graiōpĭ́ās)
γρᾱολογῐ́ᾱ (grāologĭ́ā)
γρᾱοπρεπής (grāoprepḗs)
γρᾱοπρεπῶς (grāoprepôs)
γρᾱοσόβης (grāosóbēs)
γρᾱοσῠλλέκτρῐᾰ (grāosŭlléktrĭă)
γρᾱοτέρᾱ (grāotérā)
γρᾱοτρεφής (grāotrephḗs)
γρᾱόφῐλος (grāóphĭlos)
γρᾱῦῐ̈ς (grāûĭ̈s)
γρᾱώδης (grāṓdēs)
γρᾳώδης (grāiṓdēs)
κᾰλογρᾱῦς (kălogrāûs)
ὠμόγρᾱυς (ōmógrāus)

Related terms

γεραιός (geraiós)
γερᾰός (gerăós)
γέρᾰς (gérăs)
γέρων (gérōn)
γῆρᾰς (gêrăs)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “γραῦς”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 285