Character variations
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| [unassigned: U+107BB] | [unassigned: U+107BD–U+107FF] |
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Translingual
Etymology
Johnston (1913) created ⟨cˈ⟩ or ⟨c̓⟩ for a dental click, ⟨cˌ⟩ or ⟨q̓⟩ for a 'palatal' (alveolar) click, ⟨ˌɔ⟩ or ⟨x̓⟩ for a lateral click, and ⟨ˈɔ⟩ (approx. ⟨ʖ⟩) or ⟨q̓c̓⟩ for a palatal click. When Jones adopted Johnston's system for the IPA lateral click, he swapped the letters because Johnston's lateral letter conflicted with ⟨ʔ⟩, the IPA letter for glottal stop.
Symbol
ʖ
- (pre-1989 IPA) the forward release of a lateral click; superseded by ⟨ǁ⟩.
- (superscript ⟨⟩, IPA) [ʖ]-coloring such as the lateral release of a click; or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʖ]-release.
Usage notes
In IPA, ⟨ʖ⟩ is technically only the forward clicked release, not the entire consonant. A full transcription of a click consonant requires a second letter to specify whether the rear closure is velar or uvular, and whether the click is voiced or nasal:
|
Velar |
Uvular
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| Voiceless
|
k͜ʖ |
q͜ʖ
|
| Voiced
|
ɡ͜ʖ |
ɢ͜ʖ
|
| Nasal
|
ŋ͜ʖ |
ɴ͜ʖ
|
The tie bar may be omitted, or the accompanying letter may be superscripted: ⟨ᵏʖ ᶢʖ ᵑʖ 𐞥ʖ 𐞒ʖ ᶰʖ⟩.
If the order is reversed, e.g. ⟨ʖ͜q⟩, that may imply that the velar or uvular release is audible (delayed release).
Beach used simple ⟨ʖ⟩ for the Khoekhoe voiceless oral click [k͜ʖ] and ⟨𝼎⟩ for the voiced nasal click [ŋ͜ʖ].
References
- Beach, Douglas (1938). The phonetics of the Hottentot language. London: W. Heffer & Sons.
- Johnston, Harry (1913). Phonetic Spelling: A Proposed Universal Alphabet for the Rendering of English, French, German and All Other Forms of Speech. Cambridge. p. 43.
- Jones, Daniel (1921) L'écriture phonétique internationale (2nd ed.). Association Phonétique Internationale.