ähvardama
Estonian
Etymology
Uncertain. Possibly sound-symbolic with the suffix + -rdama.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈæhvɑrd̥ɑmɑ/, [ˈæhvɑrd̥ɑmɑ]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ɑmɑ
- Hyphenation: äh‧var‧da‧ma
Verb
ähvardama (da-infinitive ähvardada) (transitive, usually atelic)
- to threaten (to express intention to harm sb, cause damage, discomfort, etc.) [with da-infinitive ‘to do sth’ or comitative ‘with’]
- „Tapan ära, kui sellest kellelegi räägid!” ähvardas mees.
- "I'll kill you if you tell anyone about it!" the man threatened.
- Sulane ähvardas keset suve ära minna.
- The farmhand threatened to leave in the middle of summer.
- Peetrit ähvardati vanglaga.
- Peter was threatened with prison.
- to promise to do sth
- On juba korduvalt ähvardanud pensionile jääda.
- He has repeatedly threatened to retire.
- to menace, to threaten (to be a threat to sb or sth, to put in danger)
- Jõeäärseid asulaid ähvardab üleujutus.
- Riverfront settlements are threatened by flooding.
- Ettevõtet ähvardab pankrot.
- The company is facing bankruptcy.
- Külalisi tuli aina juurde, nii et ruum ähvardas kitsaks jääda.
- More and more guests arrived, so that the room threatened to become crowded.
Conjugation
Conjugation of ähvardama (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | ähvardan | ei ähvarda | 1st sing. | olen ähvardanud | ei ole ähvardanud pole ähvardanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ähvardad | 2nd sing. | oled ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | ähvardab | 3rd sing. | on ähvardanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | ähvardame | 1st plur. | oleme ähvardanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | ähvardate | 2nd plur. | olete ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | ähvardavad | 3rd plur. | on ähvardanud | ||||||
| impersonal | ähvardatakse | ei ähvardata | impersonal | on ähvardatud | ei ole ähvardatud pole ähvardatud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | ähvardasin | ei ähvardanud | 1st sing. | olin ähvardanud | ei olnud ähvardanud polnud ähvardanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ähvardasid | 2nd sing. | olid ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | ähvardas | 3rd sing. | oli ähvardanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | ähvardasime | 1st plur. | olime ähvardanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | ähvardasite | 2nd plur. | olite ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | ähvardasid | 3rd plur. | oli ähvardanud | ||||||
| impersonal | ähvardati | ei ähvardatud | impersonal | oli ähvardatud | ei olnud ähvardatud polnud ähvardatud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | ähvardaksin | ei ähvardaks | 1st sing. | ähvardanuksin oleksin ähvardanud |
ei ähvardanuks ei oleks ähvardanud poleks ähvardanud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ähvardaksid | 2nd sing. | ähvardanuksid oleksid ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | ähvardaks | 3rd sing. | ähvardanuks oleks ähvardanud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | ähvardaksime | 1st plur. | ähvardanuksime oleksime ähvardanud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | ähvardaksite | 2nd plur. | ähvardanuksite oleksite ähvardanud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | ähvardaksid | 3rd plur. | ähvardanuksid oleksid ähvardanud | ||||||
| impersonal | ähvardataks | ei ähvardataks | impersonal | oleks ähvardatud | ei oleks ähvardatud poleks ähvardatud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | ähvarda | ära ähvarda | 2nd sing. | ole ähvardanud | ära ole ähvardanud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | ähvardagu | ärgu ähvardagu | 3rd sing. | olgu ähvardanud | ärgu olgu ähvardanud | ||||
| 1st plur. | ähvardagem | ärme ähvardame ärme ähvarda ärgem ähvardagem |
1st plur. | olgem ähvardanud | ärme oleme ähvardanud ärme ole ähvardanud ärgem olgem ähvardanud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | ähvardage | ärge ähvardage | 2nd plur. | olge ähvardanud | ärge olge ähvardanud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | ähvardagu | ärgu ähvardagu | 3rd plur. | olgu ähvardanud | ärgu olgu ähvardanud | ||||
| impersonal | ähvardatagu | ärgu ähvardatagu | impersonal | olgu ähvardatud | ärgu olgu ähvardatud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | ähvardavat | ei ähvardavat | active | olevat ähvardanud | ei olevat ähvardanud polevat ähvardanud | ||||
| passive | ähvardatavat | ei ähvardatavat | passive | olevat ähvardatud | ei olevat ähvardatud polevat ähvardatud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
| nominative | ähvardama | ähvardatama | nominative | ähvardada | olla ähvardanud | ||||
| illative | — | inessive | ähvardades | olles ähvardanud | |||||
| inessive | ähvardamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | ähvardamast | present | ähvardav | ähvardatav | |||||
| translative | ähvardamaks | past | ähvardanud | ähvardatud | |||||
| abessive | ähvardamata | negative | ähvardamatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
- ähvardaja
- ähvardavalt
- ähvardus