ähnlich

German

Etymology

From Middle High German anelich, enlich (alike), from Old High German *analīh (attested in derivatives), a contraction of anagilīh, from Proto-Germanic *anagalīkaz, from *ana (on) + *galīkaz (like), that is “almost identical”. Compare German angleichen. Cognate with Middle Dutch aenlijck, English alike, Old Norse álíkr.

The contemporary form is possibly from a merger of Middle High German anelich with East Central German einlich, but it is uncertain whether the latter is from ein (one) +‎ -lich (-ly) or merely an alteration of the former. The form may also have been reinforced by interpretation as Ahn (ancestor) +‎ -lich; this noun is not originally related, but semantically close.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɛːnlɪç/, [ˈʔɛːn.lɪç], [ˈʔeːn-], (southern also) [-liç], (Switzerland also) [-liχ]
    • Audio:(file)(Germany)
    • Audio:(file)(Germany (Berlin))
  • Hyphenation: ähn‧lich

Adjective

ähnlich (strong nominative masculine singular ähnlicher, comparative ähnlicher, superlative am ähnlichsten)

  1. similar, alike, resembling [with dative or wie (+ case of preceding noun) ‘to someone/something’]
    • 2017, Neuer Zürcher Zeitung, (headline), 6 April:
      Facebook behandelt «Revenge Porn» fortan ähnlich wie Kinderpornografie.
      Facebook to treat "revenge porn" similarly to child pornography.
    Sie ist mir ähnlich. / Sie ist ähnlich wie ich.She is similar to me.
    Sie sind sich ähnlich.They are similar to each other. (sich = reciprocal dative)
    Wir haben ähnliche Probleme.We have similar problems.
    auf ähnliche Weisein a similar manner

Usage notes

  • Often used with expletive so: Sie ist so ähnlich wie ich. However, this is not possible when construed with a dative. (Sie ist mir so ähnlich is grammatical, but only with so in the general sense of “so, to such an extent”.) Compare moreover in the third example: Wir haben so ähnliche Probleme (Our problems are similar to those in question), ruling out the reading “Your problem and mine are similar to each other”.

Declension

Derived terms

Further reading

  • ähnlich” in Duden online
  • ähnlich” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache