Yazathu of Talok

  • Yazathu of Talok
  • တလုပ် ရာဇသူ
Governor of Talok
Reignc. 1383/84 – 1413 or later
PredecessorSaw Me
Successor?
Monarch
Bornc. 1350s
Pinya Kingdom
Died1413 or later
Ava Kingdom
SpouseMin Padamya
Issue
  • Min Shwe Pan
  • Duchess of Nyaungshwe
  • Duchess of Legaing
FatherMin Maha of Nyaungyan
MotherSaw Min Hla of Pinya

Yazathura of Talok (Burmese: တလုပ် ရာဇသူရ, pronounced [təloʊʔ jàza̰θùɹa̰]; or more commonly known as Yazathu, [jàzəðù]) was governor Talok (in present-day central Myanmar) during the late 14th and early 15th centuries. A son-in-law of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava, Yazathu also served as a regimental commander in the Royal Ava Army. He participated in the first three wars against the southern Hanthawaddy kingdom.

Brief

According to the royal chronicles, Yazathura (often shortened to Yazathu) was born to Princess Saw Min Hla of Pinya and Min Maha of Nyaungyan during the Pinya period.[1][2] He was descended from the Pagan royal line through his father, and from both Pinya and Pagan royal lines through his mother. His paternal grandfather Min Letya was governor of Nyaungyan and ten towns,[3][4] and his maternal grandfather was King Kyawswa I of Pinya (r. 1344–1350).[1][2]

Yazathu was married to Princess Min Padamya, the eldest daughter of King Swa Saw Ke of Ava (r. 1367–1400).[1][2] He was appointed governor of Talok, about 80 km southwest of Ava (Inwa), c. 1383/84.[note 1]

As a loyal vassal, Yazathu served as a regimental commander in the Royal Ava Army, and participated in the first three wars against the southern Hanthawaddy kingdom between 1385 and 1413,[13][14][15] and the 1406 conquest of Arakan.[16]

Military service

The following is a list of campaigns in which the governor of Talok or Yazathu is reported to have participated between 1385 and 1412/13 in the chronicles.

Campaign Duration Strength[note 2] Notes
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) 1385–1386 1 regiment Commanded a regiment in the 2nd Army[17][18][13]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) 1386–1387 1 regiment Commanded one marine regiment in the invasion navy[19][20][21]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391) 1390–1391 1 regiment Commanded one marine regiment in the invasion navy[7][9][22]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403) November 1401–April 1402 1 regiment Defended his fortified town of Talok, one the 12 Ava forts along the Irrawaddy[23][14]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1401–1403)
Battle of Thaymathauk 		December 1402 1 regiment (1000 troops) Commanded a regiment in the Vanguard Army led by Thado of Myohla; Driven back at Thaymathauk by the Hanthawaddy Army[24][25][26]
Ava–Launggyet War (1406) November 1406 1 regiment (1000 troops) Commanded a regiment[27][16]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418)
First Ava invasion of Hanthawaddy 		April–August 1408 1 regiment (1000 troops) Commanded a regiment in the Vanguard Army[28][29][15]
Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1408–1418)
Battles of Prome and Talezi 		December 1412–March 1413 1 regiment (1000 troops) Commanded a regiment in the Royal Main Army[30]

Family

Ancestry

Yazathu was descended from the Pagan royal line on his father's side, and from Pinya and Pagan royal lines on his mother's side.

Descendants

Yazathu had at least three daughters.


Notes

  1. ^ The narratives in the Maha Yazawin and Hmannan Yazawin chronicles are ambiguous; they can be read as Yazathu being appointed governor of Talok in 1368 or in the early 1380s.
    • The Maha Yazawin (1724) first mentions Yazathu as governor of Talok in the section about the governors of the kingdom, which follows Swa's coronation ceremony on the new year's day of 730 ME (29 March 1368). Thus, it can be construed that Yazathu was appointed on or shortly after that date.[5] A few pages later, the chronicle says Saw Me, the governor of Talok, was appointed as the vassal king of Arakan in 1380/81.[6] It subsequently identifies Yazathu as governor of Talok, participating in the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391).[7]
    • The Yazawin Thit (1798) removes the initial section about the governors. It says Saw Me was governor of Talok in 1380/81 when he was transferred to Arakan,[8] and later identifies Yazathu as governor of Talok participating in the Ava–Hanthawaddy War (1385–1391).[9]
    • The Hmannan Yazawin (1832) simply follows the Maha Yazawin's ambiguous narrative.[10]
    • Historian Michael Aung-Thwin places Yazathu's appointment in 1367/68 as part of Swa's coronation ceremony, citing the Maha Yazawin's initial narrative.[11]

    Furthermore, a more precise date for Yazathu's appointment may be 1383/84. The 1781 work, Mani Yadanabon, reports that Saw Me was appointed vassal king of Arakan in 745 ME (1383/84), not 742 ME (1380/81) as stated in the Maha Yazawin.[12] This is another case of the Burmese numerals ၂ (2) and ၅ (5) being miscopied.

  2. ^ Unless otherwise stated, the military mobilization figures in this article are reduced by an order of magnitude from those reported in the royal chronicles, per G.E. Harvey's analysis in his History of Burma (1925) in the section Numerical Note (pp. 333–335).
  3. ^
    • For his general paternal and maternal lines, see: (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 206) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 436)
    • For the fief of Yazathu, the son of King Saw Hnit of Pagan, see (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380)
    • For Min Letya's fiefs being Nyaung and ten towns, see (Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 168) and (Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380)

References

  1. ^ a b c Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 206
  2. ^ a b c Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 436
  3. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 168
  4. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 380
  5. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 281
  6. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 289
  7. ^ a b Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 301
  8. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 194
  9. ^ a b Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 202
  10. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 405
  11. ^ Aung-Thwin 2017: 61
  12. ^ Mani Yadanabon 2009: 62
  13. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 417–418
  14. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 446–447
  15. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 476–477
  16. ^ a b Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 444–445
  17. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 291
  18. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 196
  19. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 295
  20. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 198
  21. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 422
  22. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 429–430
  23. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 311
  24. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 319–320
  25. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 219
  26. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 458–459
  27. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 224
  28. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 334
  29. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 229
  30. ^ Pan Hla 2005: 278
  31. ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 173
  32. ^ Maha Yazawin Vol. 1 2006: 318–319
  33. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 224–225
  34. ^ Hmannan Vol. 1 2003: 456–457
  35. ^ Yazawin Thit Vol. 1 2012: 253
  36. ^ Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 30

Bibliography

  • Aung-Thwin, Michael A. (2017). Myanmar in the Fifteenth Century. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-6783-6.
  • Kala, U (2006) [1724]. Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Maha Sithu (2012) [1798]. Myint Swe; Kyaw Win; Thein Hlaing (eds.). Yazawin Thit (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2nd printing ed.). Yangon: Ya-Pyei Publishing.
  • Pan Hla, Nai (2005) [1968]. Razadarit Ayedawbon (in Burmese) (8th printing ed.). Yangon: Armanthit Sarpay.
  • Royal Historical Commission of Burma (2003) [1832]. Hmannan Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3. Yangon: Ministry of Information, Myanmar.
  • Sandalinka, Shin (2009) [1781]. Mani Yadanabon (in Burmese) (4th printing ed.). Yangon: Seit-Ku Cho Cho.
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