Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Palestine and Israel to the northeast, the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the capital, largest city, and leading cultural centre, while Alexandria is the second-largest city and an important hub of industry and tourism. With over 107 million inhabitants, Egypt is the third-most populous country in Africa and 15th-most populated in the world.
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity, later adopting Islam from the seventh century onwards. Alexandria, Egypt's former capital and currently second largest city, was a hub of global knowledge through its Library. Cairo became the capital of the Fatimid Caliphate in the tenth century and of the subsequent Mamluk Sultanate in the 13th century. Egypt then became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1517, until its local ruler Muhammad Ali established modern Egypt as an autonomous Khedivate in 1867. The country was then occupied by the British Empire along with Sudan and gained independence in 1922 as a monarchy.
Egypt is a developing country with the second-largest economy in Africa. It is considered to be a regional power in the Middle East, North Africa and the Muslim world, and a middle power worldwide. Islam is the official religion and Arabic is official language. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, the Arab League, the African Union, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, World Youth Forum, and a member of BRICS. (Full article...)
Selected article -
The Ottoman–Egyptian invasion of Mani was a campaign during the Greek War of Independence that consisted of three battles. The Maniots fought against a combined Egyptian and Ottoman army under the command of Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
On March 17, 1821, the Maniots (residents of the central peninsula on the southern part of the Peloponnese) declared war on the Ottoman Empire, preceding the rest of Greece in joining the revolution by about a week. The various Greek forces won a quick string of victories. However, disputes broke out amongst the leaders and anarchy ensued. The Ottomans seized this chance and called for reinforcements from Egypt. The reinforcements came under the command of Ibrahim Pasha, the son of the leader of Egypt, Muhammad Ali. With the Greeks in disarray, Ibrahim ravaged the Peloponnese and after a four months siege he captured the city of Missolonghi in April. He then went back to the Peloponnese and turned his attention in June to Mani. (Full article...)
The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia.
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Image 1The Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 2Anubis, the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 3A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the Egypt national football team (from Egypt)
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Image 4Tourists riding a camel in front of Pyramid of Khafre. The Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from Egypt)
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Image 5Artifacts of Egypt from the prehistoric period, from 4400 to 3100 BC. First row from top left: a Badarian ivory figurine, a Naqada II jar, a Bat figurine. Second row: a diorite vase, the Gebel el-Arak Knife, a cosmetic palette. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 6A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of Nakht. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 7Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahari (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 8A painted, wooden figure of Tutankhamun found in his royal tomb (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 9Lower-class occupations (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 11The Ptolemaic Queen Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar, Caesarion, at the Temple of Dendera (from Egypt)
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Image 12The Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 14The gods Osiris, Anubis, and Horus in the tomb of Horemheb ( KV57) in the Valley of the Kings (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 15Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch Mesehti ( 11th dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 16The Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from Egypt)
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Image 17Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other Kushite kings, Kerma Museum (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 18Farmland in the Egyptian countryside (from Egypt)
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Image 20Egypt's population density (people per km 2) (from Egypt)
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Image 21Sennedjem plows his fields in Aaru with a pair of oxen, Deir el-Medina. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 22Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the Yom Kippur War, 1973 (from Egypt)
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Image 24Power plant of the Aswan High Dam, with the dam itself in the background (from Egypt)
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Image 25Model of a household porch and garden, c. 1981–1975 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 26Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the Egyptian Museum. (from Egypt)
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Image 27Umm Kulthum, an icon of Egyptian music, often referred to as "Egypt's Fourth Pyramid". In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Umm Kulthum at number 61 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time. (from Egypt)
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Image 28Rectangular fishpond with ducks and lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees, Tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 29Naguib Mahfouz, the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature (from Egypt)
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Image 30Egyptian honour guard soldiers (from Egypt)
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Image 31Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 32Cairo grew into a metropolitan area with a population of over 22 million. (from Egypt)
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Image 33Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the Land of Punt (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 34The Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 35Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 36Clockwise: a Badarian mortuary figurine, a Naqada jar, a Naqada statuette of the goddess Bat, the Four dogs palette, the Gebel el-Arak Knife, and a Naqada diorite vase. (from Egypt)
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Image 37Egypt's topography (from Egypt)
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Image 38British infantry near El Alamein, 17 July 1942 (from Egypt)
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Image 40The Egyptian Museum in Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 41The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from Egypt)
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Image 42Egyptian tomb models as funerary goods (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 43Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 45Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of Nefermaat and his wife Itet ( c. 2700 BC) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 46Koshary, one of Egypt's national dishes (from Egypt)
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Image 47The central business district in Egypt's new capital (from Egypt)
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Image 49Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in Cairo. This adornment and beads being sold in Muizz Street (from Culture of Egypt)
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Image 50Megaliths from Nabta Playa, constructed by Neolithic populations, located in Aswan, Upper Egypt. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 51The Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from Egypt)
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Image 52Moulid celebrations in Muizz Street, Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 53Ancestry model of Egyptian genome NUE001 from Nuwayrat (2855–2570 BC). (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 55Hosni Mubarak, president of Egypt from 1981 to 2011 (from Egypt)
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Image 57Aziz Pasha Abaza, poet from the aristocratic literary Egyptian family the House of Abaza of Circassian Abazin origin (from Culture of Egypt)
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Image 58A tanoura dancer performing (from Egypt)
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Image 59Illustration of various types of capitals, by Karl Richard Lepsius (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 60Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the Project for Public Spaces. (from Egypt)
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Image 61Arrowheads from Al Faiyum, Lower Egypt (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 62Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from Egypt)
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Image 64A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, most probably Amenemhat II or Senwosret II (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 65An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from Egypt)
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Image 66Napoleon defeated the Mamluk troops in the Battle of the Pyramids, 21 July 1798, painted by Lejeune. (from Egypt)
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Image 67The "weighing of the heart" scene from the Book of the Dead (from Egypt)
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Image 69The Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from Egypt)
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Image 70Frontispiece of Description de l'Égypte, published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829 (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 71An ancient Egyptian mural of people playing music. (from Egypt)
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Image 72Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 74The preserved Temple of Horus at Edfu is a model of Egyptian architecture. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 75Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna, c. 1400 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 76Tutankhamun charging enemies on his chariot, 18th dynasty (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 77Graphic of the increase in temperature in Egypt overtime (from Egypt)
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Image 78E1b1b is the most common paternal haplogroup across Africa, including Egypt, with modern genetic studies rooting the origin of the E haplogroup in East Africa. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 80The High Court of Justice in Downtown Cairo (from Egypt)
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Image 81Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from Egypt)
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Image 82The Weighing of the Heart from the Book of the Dead of Ani (from Egypt)
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Image 83The Temple of Dendur, completed by 10 BC, Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 84Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of Menna at Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty) (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 85Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 86The first issue of Al-Waqa'i' al-Misriyya, printed in 1828 by the Amiriya Press. It and its predecessor Jurnal al-Khidiw are the oldest Arabic-language newspapers. (from Egypt)
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Image 87Governorates of Egypt: (from Egypt)
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Image 88Female nationalists demonstrating in Cairo, 1919 (from Egypt)
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Image 89The well preserved Temple of Isis from Philae is an example of Egyptian architecture and architectural sculpture. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 90Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the Nile Delta (from Egypt)
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Image 91The fully electric MCV C127 EV, made in Egypt for the German market (from Egypt)
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Image 92The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in hieratic, c. 1550 BC. (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 93Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the Suez Canal hit during the initial Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from Egypt)
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Image 94Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from Egypt)
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Image 95Hieroglyphs on stela in Louvre, c. 1321 BC (from Ancient Egypt)
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Image 96Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from Egypt)
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Image 97Soad Hosny, Egyptian film star. Among the most famous Egyptian and Arabic actresses. (from Culture of Egypt)
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by members of the Egyptian Islamic Jihad on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk I in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as vice president twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.
In his 11 years as president, he changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many political and economic tenets of Nasserism, reinstituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab world. Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Camp David Accords and the Egypt–Israel peace treaty. (Full article...)
Selected cuisines, dishes and foods -
Feteer meshaltet (Egyptian Arabic: فطير مشلتت, lit. 'cushioned pie or cushion-like pie', IPA: [fɪˈtˤiːr meˈʃæltet]), often simply referred to as meshaltet (مشلتت), is a traditional Egyptian flaky layered pastry. It is composed of numerous thin layers of dough and ghee. Feteer meshaltet is typically served with sweet or savory accompaniments. Sweet versions are commonly dipped in honey or molasses, or spread with jam, while savory pairings include cheeses such as mish, as well as olives and torshi. Pies made from the same type of dough but prepared with various fillings instead of multiple layers of dough are generally referred to as feteer, distinguishing them from the plain feteer meshaltet. (Full article...)
Religions in Egypt
Arab states
Other countries
- WikiProject Egypt
- WikiProject Ancient Egypt
- WikiProject Africa
- WikiProject Arab world
- WikiProject Asia
- WikiProject Geography
- WikiProject History
- WikiProject Ancient Near East
- Religion work group
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Egypt Buildings and structures in Egypt Organisations based in Egypt
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