List of countries by inequality-adjusted income

This is a list of countries by inequality-adjusted income, as defined and measured by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).[1] The income index is one component of the Human Development Index (HDI), but is also used separately.[2]

Adjusting income for inequality based on the Gini coefficient was first proposed by Amartya Sen in 1976.[3] The UN first applied the adjustment to income data in 1993, before it was later expanded to the general HDI.[4]

Inequality-adjusted income index and income share of the top 1%:
(based on UNDP data as of 2021).[1]
Country Inequality-adjusted
income index		 Income share
of the top 1%
 Ireland 0.877 11.8
 Denmark 0.870 12.9
 Norway 0.866 8.9
 Iceland 0.864 8.8
 Belgium 0.848 8.6
 Netherlands 0.842 6.9
 Finland 0.839 10.9
 Luxembourg 0.833 10.4
 Germany 0.833 12.8
  Switzerland 0.830 11.5
 Sweden 0.830 10.5
 Slovenia 0.829 8.0
 Czech Republic 0.821 10.0
 Austria 0.808 10.1
 France 0.797 9.8
 Slovakia 0.787 7.0
 Cyprus 0.781 11.5
 Malta 0.776 9.1
 Australia 0.776 11.3
 South Korea 0.773 14.7
 Poland 0.770 14.9
 Canada 0.770 13.9
 New Zealand 0.768 11.9
 Hungary 0.767 12.3
 Estonia 0.763 11.8
 Japan 0.761 13.1
 United Kingdom 0.758 12.7
 United States 0.751 19.1
 Croatia 0.751 10.2
 Singapore 0.750 14.2
 Lithuania 0.744 11.0
 Kazakhstan 0.742 15.4
 Portugal 0.741 9.6
 Spain 0.725 12.4
 Italy 0.724 8.7
 Hong Kong 0.724 17.9
 Latvia 0.722 9.1
 Belarus 0.715 9.9
 Greece 0.714 10.8
 Israel 0.700 16.6
 Russia 0.697 21.0
 Azerbaijan 0.683 14.3
 Romania 0.682 14.4
 Moldova 0.677 9.8
 Oman 0.676 19.6
 Ukraine 0.675 9.5
 Montenegro 0.670 9.7
 Turkey 0.667 18.8
 Mauritius 0.667 15.9
 Albania 0.649 8.9
 Serbia 0.647 10.9
 Bulgaria 0.633 18.3
 Thailand 0.630 17.8
 Algeria 0.626 9.9
 Uruguay 0.619 14.7
 North Macedonia 0.619 6.5
 Guyana 0.613 20.8
 Armenia 0.609 15.4
 Iraq 0.607 20.7
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.606 8.9
 Chile 0.596 27.1
 Seychelles 0.593 20.6
 Iran 0.590 18.2
 Mongolia 0.585 16.5
 Gabon 0.583 11.0
 Dominican Republic 0.583 20.8
 Tunisia 0.581 10.9
 Argentina 0.580 21.7
 Indonesia 0.572 18.3
 Jordan 0.570 17.5
 Sri Lanka 0.567 20.6
 China 0.567 14.0
 Georgia 0.566 21.1
 Maldives 0.565 13.3
 Vietnam 0.563 16.2
 Mexico 0.550 28.4
 Bhutan 0.550 14.2
 Turkmenistan 0.543 19.9
 Panama 0.536 20.8
 Peru 0.535 21.2
 Costa Rica 0.533 19.1
 Saint Lucia 0.525 —
 Tonga 0.522 —
 Laos 0.521 20.1
 El Salvador 0.517 14.5
 India 0.510 21.7
 Paraguay 0.506 20.8
 Bangladesh 0.504 16.3
 Morocco 0.502 15.1
 Kyrgyzstan 0.497 18.4
 Timor-Leste 0.496 15.7
 Tajikistan 0.493 14.9
 Mauritania 0.490 10.8
 Philippines 0.488 16.9
 Bolivia 0.486 20.8
 Tuvalu 0.483 —
 Ecuador 0.483 13.7
 Barbados 0.483 —
 Cambodia 0.480 18.6
 Pakistan 0.479 16.8
 Guatemala 0.475 20.8
 Samoa 0.469 —
 Colombia 0.468 19.9
 Ghana 0.464 15.2
 Venezuela 0.462 20.8
   Nepal 0.462 13.9
 Jamaica 0.461 20.8
 Egypt 0.457 19.9
 Kiribati 0.451 —
 Brazil 0.440 25.7
 Ivory Coast 0.436 21.0
 Palestine 0.432 17.9
 Angola 0.430 26.0
 Djibouti 0.428 15.9
 Nicaragua 0.422 20.8
 Nigeria 0.421 11.6
 Ethiopia 0.420 13.8
 Vanuatu 0.416 —
 São Tomé and Príncipe 0.412 9.0
 Eswatini 0.407 19.3
 Senegal 0.406 13.2
 Micronesia 0.401 —
 Guinea 0.399 12.5
 Papua New Guinea 0.396 16.7
 Zimbabwe 0.392 21.1
 Suriname 0.390 20.8
 Honduras 0.390 20.8
 Belize 0.389 20.8
 Mali 0.386 9.7
 Tanzania 0.385 18.2
 Kenya 0.384 15.2
 Gambia 0.384 13.6
 Burkina Faso 0.381 14.6
 Benin 0.363 17.5
 Sudan 0.362 15.4
 Cameroon 0.352 15.9
 Lesotho 0.351 14.5
 Congo 0.351 20.5
 Uganda 0.350 17.1
 Togo 0.340 13.9
 Rwanda 0.340 19.9
 Sierra Leone 0.337 15.0
 Niger 0.318 11.6
 South Africa 0.316 21.9
 Namibia 0.313 21.6
 Liberia 0.310 12.2
 Yemen 0.304 24.7
 Madagascar 0.295 15.2
 Chad 0.290 15.7
 Zambia 0.289 23.2
 Malawi 0.279 28.0
 Guinea-Bissau 0.277 17.1
 Mozambique 0.269 31.1
 Somalia 0.265 12.4
 DR Congo 0.260 14.6
 Haiti 0.251 20.8
 Burundi 0.238 14.7
 Comoros 0.229 14.2
 South Sudan 0.209 15.5
 Central African Republic 0.174 31.0
 Afghanistan — 15.3
 Bahamas — 20.8
 Bahrain — 25.1
 Botswana — 22.7
 Brunei — 13.6
 Cape Verde — 13.9
 Cuba — 16.7
 Equatorial Guinea — 17.6
 Eritrea — 13.8
 Kuwait — 19.4
 Lebanon — 21.0
 Libya — 13.6
 Malaysia — 14.9
 Myanmar — 17.1
 North Korea — 14.8
 Qatar — 23.6
 Saudi Arabia — 21.0
 Syria — 21.2
 Trinidad and Tobago — 20.8
 United Arab Emirates — 15.8
 Uzbekistan — 16.9

References

  1. ^ a b "UNdata | table presentation | Inequality Adjusted Human Development Indicator". data.un.org. United Nations Statistics Division. 2022-12-12.
  2. ^ Zhang, Shengling; Cai, Ning (2014), Li, Xiaoxi (ed.), "Income Indicator: Inequality-Adjusted Income Index", Human Green Development Report 2014, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 51–58, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-43591-5_9, ISBN 978-3-662-43590-8, retrieved 2019-12-17
  3. ^ Sen, Amartya (March 1976). "Poverty: An Ordinal Approach to Measurement". Econometrica. 44 (2): 219–231. doi:10.2307/1912718. JSTOR 1912718.
  4. ^ Shaikh, Anwar; Ragab, Amr (May 2008). "The Vast Majority Income (VMI): A New Measure of Global Inequality". Policy Research Brief.

See also

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