List of Suliformes by population

The population of birds
Lists

Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, and kites)
Anseriformes (waterfowl)
Apodiformes (swifts and hummingbirds)
Bucerotiformes (hornbills and hoopoes)
Caprimulgiformes (nightjars and relatives)
Charadriiformes (gulls and relatives)
Ciconiiformes (storks and relatives)
Coliiformes (mousebirds)
Columbiformes (doves and pigeons)
Coraciiformes (kingfishers and relatives)
Cuculiformes (cuckoos and relatives)
Falconiformes (falcons and relatives)
Galliformes (gamebirds)
Gaviiformes (loons or divers)
Gruiformes (cranes and relatives)
Mesitornithiformes (mesites)
Musophagiformes (turacos)
Otidiformes (bustards)
Passeriformes (perching birds)
Pelecaniformes (pelicans and relatives)
Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)
Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)
Piciformes (woodpeckers and relatives)
Podicipediformes (grebes)
Procellariiformes (albatrosses and petrels)
Psittaciformes (parrots)
Rheiformes (rheas)
Sphenisciformes (penguins)
Strigiformes (owls)
Struthioniformes (ostriches)
Suliformes (cormorants and relatives)
Tinamiformes (tinamous)
Trogoniformes (trogons and quetzals)
Key
Related
Lists of organisms by population
Lists of mammals by population
List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species
List of extinct birds
Lists of birds by region

This is a list of Suliformes species by global population. While numbers are estimates, they have been made by the experts in their fields. For more information on how these estimates were ascertained, see Wikipedia's articles on population biology and population ecology.

Suliformes include the following families: Sulidae (gannets and boobies), Fregatidae (frigatebirds), Phalacrocoracidae (cormorants), Anhingidae (darters), and the Plotopteridae (flightless seabirds of the North Pacific that went extinct in the Miocene).

The IOC World Bird List (version 15.1) recognizes 60 species of Suliformes, one of which is extinct.[1] As of December 2025, IUCN/BirdLife International have assessed 54 of these species (excepting Cocos booby and Imperial shag complex splits), 44 of which have population estimates. This list follows IUCN classifications for species names. Where IUCN classifications differ from other ornithological authorities, alternative names are noted.

Some members included in Suliformes are extinct:

Species by global population

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Rough-faced shag

(New Zealand king shag)

Phalacrocorax carunculatus 250-999[4] VU[4] [4] Total population estimated to be 350-1,500 individuals.[4]
Chatham Islands shag Leucocarbo onslowi 710[5] CR[5] [5]
Pitt Island shag

(Pitt shag)

Phalacrocorax featherstoni 868[6] EN[6] [6]
Bounty Island shag

(Bounty shag)

Leucocarbo ranfurlyi 874-975[7] VU[7] [7]
Flightless cormorant Nannopterum harrisi 2,080[8] VU[8] [8] Value provided is for total population.[8]
Christmas Island frigatebird

(Christmas frigatebird)

Fregata andrewsi 2,400-5,000[9] VU[9] [9] Best estimate for breeding population is 3,700 mature individuals.[9]
Auckland Islands shag

(Auckland shag)

Leucocarbo colensoi 3,000[10] VU[10] [10]
Stewart Island shag Leucocarbo chalconotus 3,300-5,300[11] VU[11] [11] Numbers may be overestimated.[11]
Crowned cormorant Microcarbo coronatus 4,324[12] LC[12] [12]
Bank cormorant Phalacrocorax neglectus 5,000[13] EN[13] [13]
Abbott's booby Papasula abbotti 6,000[14] EN[14] [14]
Campbell Island shag

(Campbell shag)

Leucocarbo campbelli 8,000[15] VU[15] [15] Estimate hasn't been updated since 1975. Value given is for total population, but may be more representative of number of mature individuals.[15]
Oriental darter Anhinga melanogaster 10,000-99,999[16] LC[16] [16] No formal population estimate has been conducted, but "the population probably numbers at least in the tens of thousands."[16]
Black-faced cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscescens 10,000-99,999[17] LC[17] ?[17] Total population "probably numbers several 10,000s of birds."[17]
Ascension frigatebird Fregata aquila 17,000-21,000[18] VU[18] [18]
African darter Anhinga rufa 17,000-84,400[19] LC[19] [19]
Red-legged cormorant Poikilocarbo gaimardi 19,400-20,300[20] NT[20] [20]
Nazca booby Sula granti 20,000-49,999[21] LC[21] [21] Minimum estimate.[21]
Great pied cormorant

(Australian pied cormorant)

Phalacrocorax varius 23,300-83,300[22] LC[22] ?[22] Total population is estimated to be 35,000-125,000 individuals.[22]
Little black cormorant Phalacrocorax sulcirostris 23,300-683,000[23] LC[23] ?[23] Total population is estimated to be 34,999-1,024,999 individuals.[23]
Japanese cormorant Phalacrocorax capillatus 25,000-100,000[24] LC[24] ?[24] Values given are for total population.[24]
Indian cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis 30,000[25] LC[25] ?[25] Value given is for total population.[25]
Anhinga Anhinga anhinga 33,300-133,000[26] LC[26] ?[26]
Little pied cormorant Microcarbo melanoleucos 36,000-201,000[27] LC[27] ?[27] Values given are for total population.[27]
Pygmy cormorant Microcarbo pygmaeus 87,300-113,000[28] LC[28] [28]
Blue-footed booby Sula nebouxii 90,000[29] LC[29] [29]
Lesser frigatebird Fregata ariel 100,000-499,999[30] LC[30] [30] Values given are for total population.[30]
Great frigatebird Fregata minor 120,000[31] LC[31] [31]
Magnificent frigatebird Fregata magnificens 130,000[32] LC[32] [32]
Long-tailed cormorant

(Reed cormorant)

Microcarbo africanus 134,000-802,000[33] LC[33] [33] Total population is estimated to be 200,500-1,202,500 individuals.[33]
Little cormorant Microcarbo niger 183,000-233,000[34] LC[34] ?[34] Total population is estimated to be 275,000-350,000 individuals.[34]
Brown booby Sula leucogaster >200,000[35] LC[35] [35] Minimum estimate.[35]

Note that IOC taxonomy splits an additional species, the Cocos booby, from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain both species within S. leucogaster.[36]

Red-faced cormorant Urile urile >200,000[37] LC[37] [37] Minimum estimate.[37]
Socotra cormorant Phalacrocorax nigrogularis 220,000[38] VU[38] [38]
Brandt's cormorant Urile penicillatus 230,000[39] LC[39] [39] Value provided is for total population.[39]
European shag Gulosus aristotelis 230,000-240,000[40] LC[40] [40] Values provided are for total population.[40]
Cape cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis 234,000[41] EN[41] [41]
Cape gannet Morus capensis 246,000[42] EN[42] [42] Mature population only (123,080 pairs).[42]
Peruvian booby Sula variegata 1,200,000[43] LC[43] [43] Values given are for total population.[43]
Red-footed booby Sula sula 1,400,000[44] LC[44] [44] Minimum estimate.[44]
Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 1,400,000-2,100,000[45] LC[45] [45] Values given are for total population.[45]
Northern gannet Morus bassanus 1,500,000-1,800,000[46] LC[46] [46]
Neotropical cormorant

(Neotropic cormorant)

Nannopterum brasilianum 2,000,000[47] LC[47] [47] Values given are for total population.[47]
Guanay cormorant Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum 2,500,000 – 4,999,999[48] NT[48] [48] Values given are for total population.[47]

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status Trend Notes Image
Australasian darter Anhinga novaehollandiae unknown[49] LC[49] [49]
Imperial shag Leucocarbo atriceps unknown[50] LC[50] ?[50] Note that IOC taxonomy splits five additional species, the South Georgia shag, Crozet shag, Antarctic shag, Heard Island shag, and Macquarie shag from this species.[1]

IUCN/BirdLife International maintain all species within L. atriceps.[36]

Rock shag

(Magellanic cormorant)

Leucocarbo magellanicus unknown[51] LC[51] ?[51]
Kerguelen Islands shag

(Kerguelen shag)

Leucocarbo verrucosus unknown[52] LC[52] ?[52]
Australasian gannet Morus serrator unknown[53] LC[53] [53]
Double-crested cormorant Nannopterum auritum unknown[54] LC[54] [54]
Masked booby Sula dactylatra unknown[55] LC[55] [55]
Spotted shag Phalacrocorax punctatus unknown[56] LC[56] ?[56]
Pelagic cormorant Urile pelagicus unknown[57] LC[57] [57] Several national population estimates exist, but there is not enough data to form an estimate for global population.[57]


See also

References

  1. ^ a b c "Storks, frigatebirds, boobies, darters, cormorants – IOC World Bird List". www.worldbirdnames.org. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  2. ^ Ashworth, James (2024). "Rediscovering the world's largest cormorant". London Natural History Museum. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  3. ^ BirdLife International (2023). "Urile perspicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T22696750A226827998. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696750A226827998.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  4. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2023). "Leucocarbo carunculatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023 e.T22696846A217914197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T22696846A217914197.en. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  5. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo onslowi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696861A131116322. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  6. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Phalacrocorax featherstoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696907A132595530. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696907A132595530.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  7. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo ranfurlyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696876A133557244. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  8. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Nannopterum harrisi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696756A133546087. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  9. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2022). "Fregata andrewsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022 e.T22697742A210923623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T22697742A210923623.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  10. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo colensoi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696869A133556641. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  11. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo chalconotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696853A133556225. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  12. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2021). "Microcarbo coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22696730A181721741. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696730A181721741.en. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  13. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Phalacrocorax neglectus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696766A132592007. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696766A132592007.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  14. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2019). "Papasula abbotti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22696649A152726109. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696649A152726109.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  15. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo campbelli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696840A133556928. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  16. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2024). "Anhinga melanogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696712A218634665. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696712A218634665.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  17. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax fuscescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696770A132592428. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696770A132592428.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  18. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Fregata aquila". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697728A132597828. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697728A132597828.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  19. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2024). "Anhinga rufa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696705A264992332. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696705A264992332.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  20. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Poikilocarbo gaimardi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696898A133572856. Retrieved 22 August 2025.
  21. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2021). "Sula granti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22728990A163626479. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22728990A163626479.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  22. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2025). "Phalacrocorax varius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22696782A133505223. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696782A133505223.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  23. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2024). "Phalacrocorax sulcirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696788A264975511. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696788A264975511.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  24. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Phalacrocorax capillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696799A132594150. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696799A132594150.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  25. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax fuscicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696779A132592646. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696779A132592646.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  26. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2025). "Anhinga anhinga". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22696702A281836797. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696702A281836797.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  27. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Microcarbo melanoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696743A132591667. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696743A132591667.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  28. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2025). "Microcarbo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2025 e.T22696734A281855387. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2025-2.RLTS.T22696734A281855387.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  29. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2021). "Sula nebouxii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22696683A168988087. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696683A168988087.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  30. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Fregata ariel". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22697738A132598822. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22697738A132598822.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  31. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Fregata minor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697733A163770613. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697733A163770613.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  32. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2020). "Fregata magnificens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020 e.T22697724A168982712. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22697724A168982712.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  33. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2024). "Microcarbo africanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696725A264988570. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696725A264988570.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  34. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2024). "Microcarbo niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696740A264972830. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696740A264972830.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  35. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Sula leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696698A132590197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696698A132590197.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  36. ^ a b Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International Digital Checklist of the Birds of the World: Version 10. BirdLife International. 2025.
  37. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Urile urile". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696887A133509553. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  38. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2019) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Phalacrocorax nigrogularis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22696802A155525071. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22696802A155525071.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  39. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Urile penicillatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696753A133800026. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  40. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Gulosus aristotelis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696894A133538524. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  41. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Phalacrocorax capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696806A132594943. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696806A132594943.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  42. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2018). "Morus capensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696668A132587992. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696668A132587992.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  43. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2018). "Sula variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696686A132589026. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696686A132589026.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  44. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2021). "Sula sula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021 e.T22696694A168988714. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T22696694A168988714.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  45. ^ a b c d BirdLife International. (2019) [amended version of 2018 assessment]. "Phalacrocorax carbo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22696792A155523636. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696792A155523636.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  46. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Morus bassanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696657A132587285. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696657A132587285.en. Retrieved 28 August 2025.
  47. ^ a b c d e BirdLife International. (2018). "Nannopterum brasilianum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696773A133550739. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  48. ^ a b c BirdLife International. (2018). "Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696810A133553624. Retrieved 25 August 2025.
  49. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2024). "Anhinga novaehollandiae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2024 e.T22696719A263684970. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2024-2.RLTS.T22696719A263684970.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  50. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Leucocarbo atriceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22729686A133554713. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  51. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Leucocarbo magellanicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696883A133572123. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  52. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Leucocarbo verrucosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696813A133555257. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  53. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Morus serrator". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696675A132588447. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696675A132588447.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  54. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Nannopterum auritum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696776A133552919. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  55. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Sula dactylatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22736173A132666363. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22736173A132666363.en. Retrieved 2025-12-22.
  56. ^ a b c BirdLife International (2018). "Phalacrocorax punctatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018 e.T22696901A132595311. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696901A132595311.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
  57. ^ a b c d BirdLife International (2019). "Urile pelagicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019 e.T22728950A155630943. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T22728950A155630943.en. Retrieved 2025-12-23.
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