2025–26 FC St. Pauli season
| 2025–26 season | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head coach | Alexander Blessin | |||
| Stadium | Millerntor-Stadion | |||
| Bundesliga | 16th | |||
| DFB-Pokal | Quarterfinal | |||
| Top goalscorer | League: Andréas Hountondji (4) All: Andréas Hountondji (4) | |||
|
| ||||
| All statistics correct as of 13 December 2025. | ||||
The 2025–26 FC St. Pauli season is the 115th season in the football club's history and second consecutive season in the top division of German football, the Bundesliga and 11th overall. The last time the club remained in the German top tier was in the 1995–1997 period. In addition to the domestic league, FC St. Pauli also participated in this season's edition of the DFB-Pokal. This is the 63rd season for FC St. Pauli in the Millerntor-Stadion, located in St. Pauli, Hamburg, Germany. The season covers a period from 1 July 2025 to 30 June 2025.
Transfers
In
| Pos. | Player | Transferred from | Fee | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DF | Arkadiusz Pyrka | Piast Gliwice | Free transfer | 19 May 2025 | [1] |
| MF | James Sands | New York City FC | Loan | 20 May 2025 | [2] |
| DF | Jannik Robatsch | Austria Klagenfurt | €400,000 | 6 June 2025 | [3] |
| FW | Ricky-Jade Jones | Peterborough United | Free transfer | 14 June 2025 | [4] |
| GK | Simon Spari | Austria Klagenfurt | €200,000 | 19 June 2025 | [5] |
| FW | Mathias Pereira Lage | Brest | Free transfer | 20 June 2025 | [6] |
| MF | Joel Chima Fujita | St. Truiden | €3,500,000 | 27 June 2025 | [7] |
| FW | Maurides | Debreceni VSC | Loan return | 1 July 2025 | |
| FW | Andréas Hountondji | Burnley | Loan | 8 July 2025 | [8] |
| DF | Louis Oppie | Arminia Bielefeld | €2,000,000 | 11 July 2025 | [9] |
| FW | Martijn Kaars | 1. FC Magdeburg | €4,000,000 | 28 August 2025 | [10] |
Out
| Pos. | Player | Transferred to | Fee | Date | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FW | Simon Zoller | Retired | End of contract | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| GK | Sascha Burchert | Retired | End of contract | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| GK | Sören Ahlers | Retired | End of contract | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| GK | Eric Oelschlägel | Released | End of contract | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| FW | Andreas Albers | Retired | End of contract | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| DF | Siebe Van der Heyden | Mallorca | Loan return | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| MF | Robert Wagner | SC Freiburg | Loan return | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| FW | Noah Weißhaupt | SC Freiburg | Loan return | 4 June 2025 | [11] |
| FW | Morgan Guilavogui | RC Lens | €4,500,000 | 11 June 2025 | [12] |
| MF | Carlo Boukhalfa | FC St. Gallen | End of contract | 12 June 2025 | [13] |
| FW | Johannes Eggestein | Austria Wien | End of contract | 12 June 2025 | [13] |
| FW | Elias Saad | FC Augsburg | €2,000,000 | 26 June 2025 | [14] |
| DF | Philipp Treu | SC Freiburg | €5,500,000 | 30 June 2025 | [15] |
| FW | Maurides | Radomiak Radom | €50,000 | 15 July 2025 | [16] |
| FW | Scott Banks | Blackpool | Loan | 1 September 2025 | [17] |
Friendlies
Pre-season
| 6 July 2025 Friendly | SV Grün-Weiß Firrel | 0–10 | FC St. Pauli | Aurich |
| 16:00 UTC+2 |
|
Report | Stadium: Ellernfeldstadion Attendance: 3,500 Referee: Anke Hölscher (Westerende) |
| 12 July 2025 Friendly | SV Drochtersen/Assel | 1–0 | FC St. Pauli | Drochtersen |
| 15:00 UTC+2 |
|
Report | Stadium: Kehdinger Stadion Attendance: 3,561 Referee: Kilian Braun (Jork) |
| 15 July 2025 Friendly | Silkeborg IF | 1–4 | FC St. Pauli | Malente |
| 16:00 UTC+2 | Report |
|
Stadium: Uwe-Seeler-Sportpark Attendance: 1,000 Referee: Lennart Kernchen (Hanover) |
| 20 July 2025 Friendly | FC St. Pauli | 6–1 | Karlsruher SC | Saalfelden, Austria |
| 16:00 UTC+2 | Report |
|
Stadium: Saalfelden Arena Attendance: 500 | |
| Note: Two halves of 60 minutes | ||||
| 26 July 2025 Friendly | FC St. Pauli | 2–0 | OGC Nice | Anif, Austria |
| 15:00 UTC+2 | Report | Stadium: Maximarkt Sportpark Attendance: 800 Referee: Philip Gadler (Klagenfurt) |
| 2 August 2025 Friendly | Coventry City | 2–2 | FC St. Pauli | Coventry, England |
| 16:30 UTC+2 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: Coventry Building Society Arena Attendance: 10,000 Referee: Tom Reeves |
| 9 August 2025 Friendly | FC St. Pauli | 1–0 | Hellas Verona | Imst, Austria |
| 16:00 UTC+2 |
|
Report | Stadium: Velly Arena Attendance: 500 Referee: Stefan Macanovic |
In-season (autumn)
| 3 September 2025 Friendly | Holstein Kiel | 1–1 | FC St. Pauli | Kiel |
| 13:30 UTC+2 |
|
Report |
|
Stadium: CITTI Fussball Park Attendance: behind closed doors Referee: Ben Henry Uhrig (Rellingen) |
Mid-season
| 4 January 2026 Friendly | FC St. Pauli | v | Werder Bremen | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
Competitions
Overall record
| Competition | First match | Last match | Starting round | Record | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Win % | ||||
| Bundesliga | 23 August 2025 | 16 May 2026 | Matchday 1 | 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 13 | 26 | −13 | 21.43 |
| DFB-Pokal | 16 August 2025 | First round | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 3 | +1 | 33.33 | |
| Total | 17 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 17 | 29 | −12 | 23.53 | |||
Last updated: 13 December 2025
Source: Flashscore
Bundesliga
League table
| Pos | Team | Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | Qualification or relegation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 14 | Hamburger SV | 14 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 15 | 24 | −9 | 15 | |
| 15 | FC Augsburg | 14 | 4 | 1 | 9 | 17 | 28 | −11 | 13 | |
| 16 | FC St. Pauli | 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 13 | 26 | −13 | 11 | Qualification for the relegation play-offs |
| 17 | 1. FC Heidenheim | 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 13 | 30 | −17 | 11 | Relegation to 2. Bundesliga |
| 18 | Mainz 05 | 14 | 1 | 4 | 9 | 13 | 26 | −13 | 7 |
Updated to match(es) played on 14 December 2025. Source: Bundesliga
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Away goals scored; 7) Play-off.[18]
(Rules 4–6 only apply after home and away matches have been played between the tied teams.)
Rules for classification: 1) Points; 2) Goal difference; 3) Goals scored; 4) Head-to-head results; 5) Head-to-head away goals scored; 6) Away goals scored; 7) Play-off.[18]
(Rules 4–6 only apply after home and away matches have been played between the tied teams.)
Results summary
| Overall | Home | Away | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pld | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | Pts | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD | W | D | L | GF | GA | GD |
| 14 | 3 | 2 | 9 | 13 | 26 | −13 | 11 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 8 | 15 | −7 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 11 | −6 |
Last updated: 13 December 2025.
Source: kicker.de
Results by round
Updated to match(es) played on 13 December 2025. Source: Bundesliga Fixtures & Results
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
A = Away; H = Home; W = Win; D = Draw; L = Loss
Matches
The league schedule was released on 27 June 2025.[19]
| 23 August 2025 1 | FC St. Pauli | 3−3 | Borussia Dortmund | Hamburg |
| 18:30 UTC+2 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Matthias Jöllenbeck (Freiburg im Breisgau) |
| 29 August 2025 2 | Hamburger SV | 0−2 | FC St. Pauli | Hamburg |
| 20:30 UTC+2 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Volksparkstadion Attendance: 57,000 Referee: Christian Dingert (Lebecksmühle) |
| 14 September 2025 3 | FC St. Pauli | 2–1 | FC Augsburg | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+2 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Harm Osmers (Hanover) |
| 19 September 2025 4 | VfB Stuttgart | 2−0 | FC St. Pauli | Stuttgart |
| 20:30 UTC+2 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: MHPArena Attendance: 60,000 Referee: Sascha Stegemann (Niederkassel) |
| 27 September 2025 5 | FC St. Pauli | 1−2 | Bayer Leverkusen | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+2 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Martin Petersen (Stuttgart) |
| 4 October 2025 6 | Werder Bremen | 1−0 | FC St. Pauli | Bremen |
| 15:30 UTC+2 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: Weserstadion Attendance: 42,100 Referee: Sören Storks (Ramsdorf) |
| 19 October 2025 7 | FC St. Pauli | 0−3 | TSG Hoffenheim | Hamburg |
| 17:30 UTC+2 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,248 Referee: Sven Jablonski (Bremen) |
| 25 October 2025 8 | Eintracht Frankfurt | 2−0 | FC St. Pauli | Frankfurt |
| 15:30 UTC+2 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: Deutsche Bank Park Attendance: 59,500 Referee: Robin Braun (Wuppertal) |
| 1 November 2025 9 | FC St. Pauli | 0−4 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+1 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Robert Hartmann (Wangen im Allgäu) |
| 9 November 2025 10 | SC Freiburg | 2–1 | FC St. Pauli | Freiburg im Breisgau |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: Europa-Park Stadion Attendance: 34,700 Referee: Benjamin Brand (Schwebheim) |
| 23 November 2025 11 | FC St. Pauli | 0−1 | Union Berlin | Hamburg |
| 17:30 UTC+1 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Tobias Stieler (Sölden) |
| 29 November 2025 12 | Bayern Munich | 3–1 | FC St. Pauli | Munich |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: Allianz Arena Attendance: 75,000 Referee: Felix Zwayer (Berlin) |
| 6 December 2025 13 | 1. FC Köln | 1−1 | FC St. Pauli | Cologne |
| 15:30 UTC+1 |
|
FCSP Report Kicker Report |
|
Stadium: RheinEnergieStadion Attendance: 50,000 Referee: Tobias Reichel (Sindelfingen) |
| 13 December 2025 14 | FC St. Pauli | 2−1 | 1. FC Heidenheim | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 29,546 Referee: Sören Storks (Ramsdorf) |
| 21 December 2025 15 | Mainz 05 | v | FC St. Pauli | Mainz |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Mewa Arena |
| 10 January 2026 16 | FC St. Pauli | v | RB Leipzig | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 14 January 2026 17 | VfL Wolfsburg | v | FC St. Pauli | Wolfsburg |
| 18:30 UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Volkswagen Arena |
| 17 January 2026 18 | Borussia Dortmund | v | FC St. Pauli | Dortmund |
| 15:30 UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Signal Iduna Park |
| 23 January 2026 19 | FC St. Pauli | v | Hamburger SV | Hamburg |
| 20:30 UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 30–31 January 2026 20 | FC Augsburg | v | FC St. Pauli | Augsburg |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: WWK Arena |
| 6–8 February 2026 21 | FC St. Pauli | v | VfB Stuttgart | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 13–15 February 2026 22 | Bayer Leverkusen | v | FC St. Pauli | Leverkusen |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: BayArena |
| 20–22 February 2026 23 | FC St. Pauli | v | Werder Bremen | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 27–29 February 2026 24 | TSG Hoffenheim | v | FC St. Pauli | Sinsheim |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: PreZero Arena |
| 6–8 March 2026 25 | FC St. Pauli | v | Eintracht Frankfurt | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 13–15 March 2026 26 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | v | FC St. Pauli | Mönchengladbach |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Borussia-Park |
| 20–22 March 2026 27 | FC St. Pauli | v | SC Freiburg | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+1 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 4–5 April 2026 28 | Union Berlin | v | FC St. Pauli | Berlin |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Stadion An der Alten Försterei |
| 10–12 April 2026 29 | FC St. Pauli | v | Bayern Munich | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 17–19 April 2026 30 | FC St. Pauli | v | 1. FC Köln | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 24–26 April 2026 31 | 1. FC Heidenheim | v | FC St. Pauli | Heidenheim |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Voith-Arena |
| 2–3 May 2026 32 | FC St. Pauli | v | Mainz 05 | Hamburg |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
| 8–10 May 2026 33 | RB Leipzig | v | FC St. Pauli | Leipzig |
| --:-- UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Red Bull Arena |
| 16 May 2026 34 | FC St. Pauli | v | VfL Wolfsburg | Hamburg |
| 15:30 UTC+2 | [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion |
DFB-Pokal
| 16 August 2025 First round | Eintracht Norderstedt | 0–0 (a.e.t.) (2–3 p) | FC St. Pauli | Hamburg[note 1] |
| 15:30 UTC+2 |
|
DFB Report FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 28,946 Referee: Eric Weisbach (Halle (Saale)) | |
| Penalties | ||||
|
||||
| 28 October 2025 Second round | FC St. Pauli | 2−2 (a.e.t.) (8–7 p) | TSG Hoffenheim | Hamburg |
| 20:45 UTC+2 | DFB Report FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Millerntor-Stadion Attendance: 28,123 Referee: Daniel Schlager (Gernsbach) | ||
| Penalties | ||||
| 2 December 2025 Round of 16 | Borussia Mönchengladbach | 1−2 | FC St. Pauli | Mönchengladbach |
| 18:00 UTC+1 |
|
DFB Report FCSP Report Kicker Report |
Stadium: Borussia-Park Attendance: 48,104 Referee: Sven Jablonski (Bremen) |
| 3 February 2026 Quarterfinal | Bayer Leverkusen | v | FC St. Pauli | Leverkusen |
| 20:45 UTC+1 | DFB Report [ FCSP Report] [ Kicker Report] |
Stadium: BayArena |
Squad and statistics
- As of 13 December 2025
| No. | Pos | Player | 1. Bundesliga | DFB-Pokal | Total | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | Apps | Goals | |||||||
| 1 | GK | Ben Voll | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 2 | DF | Manolis Saliakas | 4+4 | 0 | 0+2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| 3 | DF | Karol Mets | 7+1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| 4 | DF | David Nemeth | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
| 5 | DF | Hauke Wahl | 13 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 16 | 2 | ||||
| 6 | MF | James Sands | 13 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 16 | 0 | ||||
| 7 | MF | Jackson Irvine | 4+3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 8 | 0 | ||||
| 8 | DF | Eric Smith | 14 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 1 | ||||
| 9 | FW | Abdoulie Ceesay | 0+10 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 | 13 | 0 | ||||
| 10 | FW | Danel Sinani | 9+4 | 2 | 1+1 | 0 | 15 | 2 | ||||
| 11 | DF | Arkadiusz Pyrka | 10+1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 14 | 0 | ||||
| 14 | DF | Fin Stevens | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 16 | MF | Joel Chima Fujita | 14 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 0 | ||||
| 17 | FW | Dapo Afolayan | 1+6 | 0 | 1+1 | 0 | 9 | 0 | ||||
| 19 | FW | Martijn Kaars | 6+6 | 2 | 1+1 | 1 | 14 | 3 | ||||
| 20 | MF | Erik Ahlstrand | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 21 | DF | Lars Ritzka | 4+3 | 0 | 0+3 | 0 | 10 | 0 | ||||
| 22 | GK | Nikola Vasilj | 14 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 16 | 0 | ||||
| 23 | DF | Louis Oppie | 13+1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 17 | 2 | ||||
| 24 | MF | Connor Metcalfe | 1+13 | 0 | 1+2 | 0 | 17 | 0 | ||||
| 25 | DF | Adam Dźwigała | 5+3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 1 | ||||
| 26 | FW | Ricky-Jade Jones | 0+2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | ||||
| 27 | FW | Andréas Hountondji | 8+3 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 13 | 4 | ||||
| 28 | FW | Mathias Pereira Lage | 14 | 0 | 2+1 | 1 | 17 | 1 | ||||
| 30 | GK | Simon Spari | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 34 | DF | Jannik Robatsch | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 38 | FW | Romeo Aigbekaen | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| 42 | MF | Marwin Schmitz | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Players transferred or loaned out during the season | ||||||||||||
Notes
References
- ^ "Boys In Brown sign Arkadiusz Pyrka". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 19 May 2025.
- ^ "Loan deal for Sands extended". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 20 May 2025.
- ^ "Boys In Brown sign Jannik Robatsch". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 6 June 2025.
- ^ "FC St. Pauli sign Ricky-Jade Jones". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 14 June 2025.
- ^ "FC St. Pauli sign Simon Spari". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 19 June 2025.
- ^ "Mathias Pereira Lage joins the Boys in Brown". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 20 June 2025.
- ^ "FC St. Pauli sign midfielder Joel Chima Fujita". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 27 June 2025.
- ^ "Loan deal agreed for Andréas Hountondji". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 8 July 2025.
- ^ "Boys in Brown sign Louis Oppie". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 11 July 2025.
- ^ "FC St. Pauli sign striker Martijn Kaars". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 28 August 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Thanks for everything and all the best for the future!". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 4 June 2025.
- ^ "Guilavogui to return to RC Lens". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 11 June 2025.
- ^ a b "Eggestein and Boukhalfa depart". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 12 June 2025.
- ^ "Saad joins Augsburg". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 26 June 2025.
- ^ "Treu joins SC Freiburg". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 30 June 2025.
- ^ "Maurides returns to Radomiak Radom". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 15 July 2025.
- ^ "Banks goes to England on loan". www.fcstpauli.com. FC St. Pauli. 1 September 2025.
- ^ "DFL–Spielordnung (SpOL)" [Match rules] (PDF) (in German). Deutsche Fußball Liga. 29 May 2025. p. 3. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
- ^ "2025/26 Bundesliga and Bundesliga 2 fixtures lists revealed". Bundesliga. 27 June 2025.
- ^ "Perfekt: DFB-Pokal-Knaller steigt am Millerntor!". Eintracht Norderstedt (in German). 1 July 2025. Retrieved 1 July 2025.