wobec

See also: wôbëc

Polish

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₁en-
Proto-Indo-European *h₁énder.
Proto-Slavic *vъ(n)
Old Polish w
Polish w
Proto-Indo-European *h₃ebʰider.
Proto-Indo-European *-tyosder.
Proto-Slavic *obьťь
Proto-Slavic *obьťь
Old Czech obecbor.
Old Polish obec
Polish obec
univ.
Polish wobec

    Univerbation of w + obec.[1][2][3] First attested in the 16th century.[4] Compare Czech vůbec.

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /ˈvɔ.bɛt͡s/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɔbɛt͡s
    • Syllabification: wo‧bec

    Preposition

    wobec [with genitive]

    1. regarding, concerning, vis-à-vis, in relation to; in face of
      Synonyms: w stosunku do, względem
      Near-synonym: dla
      wobec tego ― therefore
    2. denotes a usually negative action aimed at someone; towards, against
      Near-synonym: w obliczu
    3. in comparison to; vis-à-vis, in relation to; in face of
      Near-synonym: w porównaniu z
    4. in the presence of; vis-à-vis
      Synonym: przy
    5. (obsolete, except in set collocations) because of
      Synonym: z powodu
      wobec powyższego ― for this reason

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wobec is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 33 times in scientific texts, 26 times in news, 69 times in essays, 27 times in fiction, and 17 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 172 times, making it the 335th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

    Adverb

    wobec (not comparable)

    1. (obsolete) directly; in someone's presence
      Synonym: bezpośrednio
    2. (Middle Polish) altogether; in all; together
      Synonyms: ogółem, razem
      wszem i wobec ― to each and everyone

    References

    1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “wobec”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
    2. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017), “wobec”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
    3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “obec”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    4. ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa; Stanisław Rospond; Witold Taszycki; Stefan Hrabec; Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023), “wobec”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
    5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “wobec”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 673

    Further reading

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