weyen

Middle English

Etymology 1

      Inherited from Old English wegan,[1] from Proto-West Germanic *wegan, from Proto-Germanic *weganą.

      Notes on phonological development in Northern Middle English

      The Northern form /wɛi̯/, /wɛ̞ː/ (inferrable from modern dialectal outcomes)[2] may be from open-syllable lengthening in early Northern /ˈwɛɣə/ → /ˈwɛ̞ːɣə/, where the sequence /ɛ̞ːɣ/ developed like Old English /æːj/, or influence from weye (“weight”) (< Old English wǣge) or the Old English past plural stem wǣg-. However, there is no trace of this open-syllable lengthening in the modern reflexes of pleyen (< plegan), and Northumbrian Old English would traditionally be expected to have wēge and wēg- rather than wǣge and wǣg-. Nevertheless, responses to these objections are possible; pleyen's reflexes may be borrowings from the standard, while "West Saxon" reflexes of West Germanic -ā- as -ǣ- are not unknown in Scots and the traditional dialects of Northern England.

      Alternative forms

      Pronunciation

      • IPA(key): /ˈwæi̯ən/
      • IPA(key): /wɛi̯/, /wɛ̞ː/ (Northern)

      Verb

      weyen (third-person singular simple present weyeth, present participle weyinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle weyed)

      1. To weigh (to measure the weight of):
        1. To dispense a apportioned weight of; to weigh out.
        2. (figurative) To evaluate deeds at Judgement Day.
        3. (figurative, rare) To apportion or dispense.
      2. To weigh (have a certain weight):
        1. (of a measure) To have a certain value (in another measure)
        2. (with doun or up) To adjust a balance by having a certain weight.
        3. (figuratively) To have a given relevance or moral standing.
        4. (figuratively, rare) To be onerous; to weigh upon.
      3. To examine, evaluate or consider:
        1. To judge; to make a determination in examining.
        2. To compare; to evaluate multiple things.
        3. (rare) To value or prize.
      4. To go or move (especially transporting something):
        1. To lift or hoist; to hold up.
        2. To push or nudge.
      Conjugation
      Conjugation of weyen (weak in -ed or strong class 5/4)
      infinitive (to) weyen, weye
      present tense past tense
      1st-person singular weye weyed, wey, weigh
      2nd-person singular weyest weyedest, weye1
      3rd-person singular weyeth weyed, wey, weigh
      subjunctive singular weye weyed2, weye2
      imperative singular —
      plural3 weyen, weye weyeden, weyede, weyen, weye
      imperative plural weyeth, weye —
      participles weyynge, weyende weyed, weyen, weye, yweyed, yweyen, yweye

      1 Later replaced by the 1st-/3rd-person singular or weyest, weighest.
      2 Later replaced by the indicative.
      3 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

      Descendants
      • English: weigh (with -gh from the past weigh)
      • Middle Scots: wey
      References
      1. ^ “weien, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
      2. ^ Johnston, Paul (1997), “3: Older Scots Phonology and its Regional Variation”, in Jones, Charles, editor, The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Part 1: The Beginnings to 1700, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, § 3.2.2, page 57.

      Etymology 2

        Inherited from Old English wǣġan, from Proto-West Germanic *waigijan.

        Alternative forms

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈwæi̯ən/

        Verb

        weyen (third-person singular simple present weyeth, present participle weyinge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle weyed)

        1. (rare) To deceive or delude.
        Conjugation
        Conjugation of weyen (weak in -ed)
        infinitive (to) weyen, weye
        present tense past tense
        1st-person singular weye weyed
        2nd-person singular weyest weyedest
        3rd-person singular weyeth weyed
        subjunctive singular weye
        imperative singular —
        plural1 weyen, weye weyeden, weyede
        imperative plural weyeth, weye —
        participles weyynge, weyende weyed

        1 Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

        References
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