wcale

Kashubian

Etymology

    Borrowed from Polish wcale. By surface analysis, univerbation of w +‎ cale.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈft͡sa.lɛ/
    • Rhymes: -alɛ
    • Syllabification: wca‧le

    Particle

    wcale

    1. (in the negative) not at all
      Synonym: cale
    2. quite, rather, completely, wholly
      Synonym: cale

    Further reading

    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “wcale”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2]
    • wcale”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Polish

    Etymology

      Univerbation of w + cale.[1][2][3] First attested in the 17th century.[4] Compare English at all.

      Pronunciation

       
      • IPA(key): /ˈft͡sa.lɛ/
      • Audio 1:(file)
      • Audio 2:(file)
      • Rhymes: -alɛ
      • Syllabification: wca‧le

      Particle

      wcale

      1. (in the negative) not at all
        Synonyms: nijak, w ogóle
        Wcale nie jestem głodny.I'm not hungry at all.
      2. (in the negative) not in the slightest
        Near-synonym: bynajmniej
      3. (colloquial) quite, rather, completely, wholly
        Synonyms: całkiem, dość

      Derived terms

      Descendants

      • Kashubian: wcale
      • Silesian: wcale

      Trivia

      According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), wcale is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 18 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 19 times in essays, 31 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 125 times, making it the 480th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

      References

      1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “wcale”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
      2. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017), “wcale”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
      3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “cale”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
      4. ^ WCALE”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 20.09.2022
      5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “wcale”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 655

      Further reading

      Silesian

      Etymology

        Borrowed from Polish wcale.

        Pronunciation

        • IPA(key): /ˈft͡sa.lɛ/
        • Audio:(file)
        • Rhymes: -alɛ
        • Syllabification: wca‧le

        Particle

        wcale

        1. (in the negative) not at all
        2. quite, rather, completely, wholly

        Further reading