umerus

• humerus (rare in Classical texts)

From *h₂omes- (“shoulder”), a variant vocalism of Proto-Indo-European *h₂ṓms (“shoulder”), by rhotacism. Cognates include Ancient Greek ὦμος (ômos), Sanskrit अंस (áṃsa), and Gothic 𐌰𐌼𐍃 (ams).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈʊ.mɛ.rʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈuː.me.rus]

umerus m (genitive umerī); second declension

1. (anatomy) the humerus bone
2. shoulder (especially of a human)
3. (of the middle part of a thing) back, ridge
   1. of mountain ridges
      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 2.44:

        Montium vero flexus crebrique vertices et conflexa cubito aut confracta in umeros iuga

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   2. of trees or plants
      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 17.24:

        certumque est ab umeris arborum orientem aestivum spectantibus surculos petendos

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   3. of a country
      • 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 3.8:

        Regium oppidum, in umero eius situm, a quo veluti cervicis incipit flexus

        (please add an English translation of this quotation)

4. the shoulders (when speaking of a burden)
   • 52 BCE, Cicero, Pro Milone:

     tota ut comitia suis, ut dictitabat, umeris sustineret

     that he supported on his own shoulders, as he used to say, the whole comitia

Second-declension noun.

• “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “umerus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “umerus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “hŭmĕrus”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 4: G H I, page 510