uls

uls

1. plural of ul

uls

1. third-person singular simple present indicative of ul

• ouls

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ol-, the o-grade of the root *h₂el- (“beyond, other”),^[1] closely related to the suffixed comparative adjective ulterior, the adverb ultrō, and the adverb/preposition ultrā. De Vaan (citing Leumann 1977:220) argues that the rare word uls is not the oldest of these forms, but instead was a later analogical formation from ultrā based on cis and citrā.^[2] Other Latin words from this root include ille and alius.^[1]

The accusative case of its complement comes from the pre-PIE directional.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈʊɫs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈuls]
• An alternative spelling ouls has been speculated to occur in corrupt form in a passage transmitted by Varro, but this conjecture is considered dubious.^[3] If the spelling with "ou" is genuine, it would suggest a pronunciation with long ū: accordingly, this word is marked ūls in some dictionaries and grammars. However, the etymology from *h₂ol- provides no support for reconstructing an original long vowel, and the Romance descendants of ultrā attest that it eventually came to be pronounced with short u.

uls (+ accusative) (rare)

1. (Old Latin) beyond
   • 1839 [8th century CE], Paulus Diaconus, edited by Karl Otfried Müller, Excerpta ex libris Pompeii Festi De significatione verborum, page 379, line 3:

     Uls Catō prō ultrā posuit.

     Cato used uls for ultrā.

• cis

• Lindsay, W. M. (1894), The Latin Language, pages 594-595

• “uls”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “uls”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.