ubull

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *abūl (“apple”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl.[1][2][3]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈu.βul̪/
    • (Blasse) [ˈu.βul̪]
    • (Griffith) [ˈu.βøl̪]

Noun

ubull n

  1. apple

Inflection

Neuter o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative ubullN ubullN ubullL, ubla
vocative ubullN ubullN ubullL, ubla
accusative ubullN ubullN ubullL, ubla
genitive ubuillL ubull ubullN
dative ubullL ublaib ublaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

According to Stifter, this word was originally a u-stem, as evidenced by the archaic genitive singular in the place name Áth Aublo.[1]

  • aball (“apple tree”)
  • obull (“juggling ball”)

Descendants

  • Middle Irish: uball
    • Irish: úll
    • Manx: ooyl
    • Scottish Gaelic: ubhal

Mutation

Mutation of ubull
radical lenition nasalization
ubull
(pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments)		 ubull n-ubull

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Stifter, David (18 September 2019), “An apple a day ...”, in Indogermanische Forschungen, volume 124, number 1, pages 172-218
  2. ^ David Stifter (2020), “Old Irish etymology through the ages”, in Language & History, volume 63, number 1, Taylor Francis, pages 24-46
  3. ^ Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*h₂eb-(e/ō̆)l-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 262-64

Further reading

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