turbar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /tuʁˈba(ʁ)/ [tuɦˈba(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /tuɾˈba(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /tuʁˈba(ʁ)/ [tuʁˈba(χ)]
- (Caipira) IPA^(key): /tuɻˈba(ɻ)/

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /tuɾˈbaɾ/ [tuɾˈβaɾ]
- (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tuɾˈba.ɾi/ [tuɾˈβa.ɾi]

Hyphenation: tur‧bar

Verb

turbar (first-person singular present turbo, first-person singular preterite turbei, past participle turbado)

alternative form of turvar

Conjugation

Conjugation of turbar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	turbar
Personal	turbar	turbares	turbar	turbarmos	turbardes	turbarem
Gerund
	turbando
Past participle
Masculine	turbado			turbados
Feminine	turbada			turbadas
Indicative
Present	turbo	turbas	turba	turbamos	turbais	turbam
Imperfect	turbava	turbavas	turbava	turbávamos	turbáveis	turbavam
Preterite	turbei	turbaste	turbou	turbamos¹, turbámos²	turbastes	turbaram
Pluperfect	turbara	turbaras	turbara	turbáramos	turbáreis	turbaram
Future	turbarei	turbarás	turbará	turbaremos	turbareis	turbarão
Conditional	turbaria	turbarias	turbaria	turbaríamos	turbaríeis	turbariam
Subjunctive
Present	turbe	turbes	turbe	turbemos	turbeis	turbem
Imperfect	turbasse	turbasses	turbasse	turbássemos	turbásseis	turbassem
Future	turbar	turbares	turbar	turbarmos	turbardes	turbarem
Imperative
Affirmative		turba	turbe	turbemos	turbai	turbem
Negative (não)		não turbes	não turbe	não turbemos	não turbeis	não turbem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish turbar, probably a borrowing from Latin turbāre.^[1] Compare estorbar.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tuɾˈbaɾ/ [t̪uɾˈβ̞aɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: tur‧bar

Verb

turbar (first-person singular present turbo, first-person singular preterite turbé, past participle turbado)

(transitive) to confuse, cloud
Synonym: enturbiar
(transitive) to disturb, disrupt

Conjugation

Conjugation of turbar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			turbar
gerund			turbando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		turbado		turbada
		plural		turbados		turbadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	turbo	turbas^{^tú} turbás^{^vos}	turba	turbamos	turbáis	turban
	imperfect	turbaba	turbabas	turbaba	turbábamos	turbabais	turbaban
	preterite	turbé	turbaste	turbó	turbamos	turbasteis	turbaron
	future	turbaré	turbarás	turbará	turbaremos	turbaréis	turbarán
	conditional	turbaría	turbarías	turbaría	turbaríamos	turbaríais	turbarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	turbe	turbes^{^tú} turbés^{^vos²}	turbe	turbemos	turbéis	turben
	imperfect (ra)	turbara	turbaras	turbara	turbáramos	turbarais	turbaran
	imperfect (se)	turbase	turbases	turbase	turbásemos	turbaseis	turbasen
	future¹	turbare	turbares	turbare	turbáremos	turbareis	turbaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		turba^{^tú} turbá^{^vos}	turbe	turbemos	turbad	turben
	negative		no turbes	no turbe	no turbemos	no turbéis	no turben

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of turbar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive turbar	dative	turbarme	turbarte	turbarle, turbarse	turbarnos	turbaros	turbarles, turbarse
with infinitive turbar	accusative	turbarme	turbarte	turbarlo, turbarla, turbarse	turbarnos	turbaros	turbarlos, turbarlas, turbarse

with gerund turbando	dative	turbándome	turbándote	turbándole, turbándose	turbándonos	turbándoos	turbándoles, turbándose
with gerund turbando	accusative	turbándome	turbándote	turbándolo, turbándola, turbándose	turbándonos	turbándoos	turbándolos, turbándolas, turbándose

with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative turba	dative	túrbame	túrbate	túrbale	túrbanos	not used	túrbales
	accusative	túrbame	túrbate	túrbalo, túrbala	túrbanos	not used	túrbalos, túrbalas

with informal second-person singular voseo imperative turbá	dative	turbame	turbate	turbale	turbanos	not used	turbales
	accusative	turbame	turbate	turbalo, turbala	turbanos	not used	turbalos, turbalas

with formal second-person singular imperative turbe	dative	túrbeme	not used	túrbele, túrbese	túrbenos	not used	túrbeles
with formal second-person singular imperative turbe	accusative	túrbeme	not used	túrbelo, túrbela, túrbese	túrbenos	not used	túrbelos, túrbelas

with first-person plural imperative turbemos	dative	not used	turbémoste	turbémosle	turbémonos	turbémoos	turbémosles
with first-person plural imperative turbemos	accusative	not used	turbémoste	turbémoslo, turbémosla	turbémonos	turbémoos	turbémoslos, turbémoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative turbad	dative	turbadme	not used	turbadle	turbadnos	turbaos	turbadles
with informal second-person plural imperative turbad	accusative	turbadme	not used	turbadlo, turbadla	turbadnos	turbaos	turbadlos, turbadlas

with formal second-person plural imperative turben	dative	túrbenme	not used	túrbenle	túrbennos	not used	túrbenles, túrbense
with formal second-person plural imperative turben	accusative	túrbenme	not used	túrbenlo, túrbenla	túrbennos	not used	túrbenlos, túrbenlas, túrbense

Related terms

References

^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1983–1991), “turbar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎^[1] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

turbar

Portuguese

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Further reading

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

References

Further reading