thj

See also: tḫj

Egyptian

Etymology

Compare Arabic تَاهَ (tāha, “to wander, lose one's way”) and possibly Hebrew תֹּהוּ (tóhu, “desolation, nothingness”).

Pronunciation

(modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /tɛhi/
- Conventional anglicization: tehi

Verb

3ae inf.

(intransitive) to transgress, to do wrong
(intransitive with r or transitive) to wrong, to abuse, to lay hands on, to violate (someone)
(transitive) to defeat (the enemy, evil ones, etc.) [Greco-Roman Period]
(intransitive with r or transitive) to commit wrong against (a god), to sin
(intransitive with r or transitive) to damage, to harm (an object, building, or animal)
(intransitive with r or transitive) to mutilate (limbs, body parts, corpses)
(intransitive with r or transitive) to invade, to trespass into, to attack (a land or settlement)
(transitive) to transgress, to violate, to trespass over (a boundary) [19th and 20th Dynasty]
(transitive) to falsify (weights and measures)
(intransitive) to stray from or defy one’s orders or what has been said, to be heedless or insubordinate
(intransitive with ḥr or transitive) to deviate from, to disobey, to stray from (a path, a plan, one’s orders, etc.)
(transitive) to fail to keep (one’s appointed time), to neglect, to miss (a set time)

Inflection

Conjugation of thj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: th, geminated stem: thh

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
tht, thj	thw, th	tht, thwt, thyt	th	th, thy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
th⁸, thh⁸	ḥr tht, ḥr thj	m tht, m thj	r tht, r thj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
aspect / mood	active	passive	aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	th.n	thw, th, thy	consecutive	th.jn	active + .tj¹, .tw²
perfect	th.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²
terminative	tht, thyt
perfective³	th	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	th.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
imperfective	th, thy	active + .tj¹, .tw²	obligative¹	th.ḫr	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	thw, th, thy	thw, th, thy	potentialis¹	th.kꜣ	active + .tj¹, .tw²
prospective³	thw, th, thy	active + .tj¹, .tw²
subjunctive	th, thy	active + .tj¹, .tw²

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	th.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	thw¹, thy, th	active + .tj¹, .tw²	th	thy, th
imperfective	thh, thhy, thhw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	thh, thhj⁶, thhy⁶	thh, thhw⁵
prospective	thw¹, thy, th, thtj⁷	—	thwtj^{1 4}, thtj⁴, tht⁴

¹ Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
² Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
³ Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
⁴ Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .snj, plural .sn. ⁵ Only in the masculine singular.
⁶ Only in the masculine.
⁷ Only in the feminine.
⁸ Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of thj

thj

thꜣj

[Pyramid Texts]

[since the Middle Kingdom]

[since the 18th Dynasty]

Derived terms

References

“thi̯ (lemma ID 172920)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1931), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 5, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 319.3–320.23
Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962), A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 300