thửa mặc

Vietnamese

Etymology

From thửa (“nominalizer”) +‎ mặc (“in order to”), calque of Chinese 所以 (sở dĩ).

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˧˩ mak̚˧˨ʔ]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˧˨ mak̚˨˩ʔ]
  • (Saigon) IPA(key): [tʰɨə˨˩˦ mak̚˨˩˨]

Adverb

thửa mặc • (所黙)

  1. (obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) the reason why
    • 燕毛，所以序齒也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
      燕毛，所以序齿也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
      From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
      Yến mao, sở dĩ tự xỉ dã. [Pinyin]
      At the concluding feast, places were given according to the hair, and thus was made the distinction of years.
    • 1839, Tứ thư ước giải Trung Dung giải quốc âm nghĩa tăng bổ đại toàn bị chỉ (四書約解中庸解國音義增補大全備旨 "Concise Explanations of the Four Books: Explanation of the Doctrine of the Mean in National Pronunciation with Meanings, Supplementary Additions, and a Complete Compilation of Essential Points."), volume 2; 16a
      咹㕵𥙩式𩯀，所黙排几固歲丕。
      Ăn uống lấy thức tóc, thửa mặc bày kẻ có tuổi vậy.
      When feasting, [one should] take the appearance of hair, that being the reason why guests are ordered by age.
  2. (obsolete, chiefly in translations of Chinese texts) therefore
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