temporalis

Borrowed from Late Latin temporālis (“of or belonging to the temples of the head”), ellipsis of mūsculus temporālis (“the temporal muscle”). Doublet of temporal.

• IPA^(key): /ˌtɛm.pəˈɹeɪ.lɪs/
• Rhymes: -eɪlɪs

temporalis (plural temporales)

1. (anatomy) A fan-shaped muscle which arises from the surface of the temporal fossa and converges to an aponeurosis which contracts into a thick flat tendon inserted into the coronoid process of the mandible; it serves to raise the lower jaw and is involved in closing the mouth and chewing.

   Synonym: temporal muscle

• “temporalis”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
• “temporalis”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

• lamproites, pemirolast, peristomal

From tempus (“time; the temples of the head”) +‎ -ālis (“-al”, adjectival suffix).

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [tɛm.pɔˈraː.lɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [tem.poˈraː.lis]

temporālis (neuter temporāle); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. (in general, chiefly post-Augustan) of or belonging to time, lasting but for a time, temporary, temporal

   ārae temporālēs ― altars [erected] for the occasion

   Antonym: perpetuus

   1. (in particular, grammar, relational) time

      verbum temporāle ― a word denoting time, i.e. a verb

      nōmina temporālia (v.g. annus, mēnsis) ― nouns of time (e.g. year, month)

      adverbia temporālia (v.g. prīdem, nunc, modo) ― adverbs of time (e.g. long ago, now, a little while ago)

   • 1st Century BCE, Varro, De Lingua Latina, 8.13:

     “(prius enim nōmen est quam verbum temporāle et reliqua posterius quam nōmen et verbum)”

     (for the noun is more important than the temporal word (verb) and the remaining (words) are secondary to the noun and verb)

2. (Late Latin) (anatomy, relational) of or pertaining to the temples of the head

   vēnae temporālēs ― the temporal veins

   • 4th Century, Vegetius, Mulomedicina, 2.16:

     “Temporālēs quoque vēnae cautēriīs inūruntur, ut meātum hūmōris exclūdant.”

     The temporal veins are also burned (cauterized) by hot irons, so that they may prevent the passage of humor (fluid).

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

• “temporalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “temporalis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "temporalis", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tempŏrālis¹⁺²”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 1,552/3.
• temporalis in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016