Salar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic *tüpkür-. Cognate to Azerbaijani tüpürmək, Gagauz tükürmää, Turkish tükürmek, Turkmen tüýkürmek.
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /tʰyxur(ɣysi)/, /t͡ɕyxur(ɣysi)/
- (Mengda, Qinghai) IPA(key): /ʒʰixur(ɣysi)/
Verb
tüxürğüsi (present tüxürer, past tükürci)
- to spit
Conjugation
Conjugation of tüxürğüsi
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
tüxürer
|
tüxürer-a
|
tüxümes
|
tüxümes-a
|
| continuous
|
tüxürbır
|
tüxürba
|
tüxür yoxdır,
tüxürmır
|
tüxür yox-a
|
| past
|
tüxürci
|
tüxürmiş
|
tüxürmeci
|
tüxürmemiş
|
| future
|
tüxürğür
|
tüxürğe
|
tüxürmeğür
|
tüxürmeğe
|
| past perfect
|
tüxürğen var
|
tüxürğen var-a
|
tüxürğen yoxdır
|
tüxürğen yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
tüxürği
|
tüxürmeği
|
| conditional
|
tüxürse
|
tüxürmese
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
tüxürel
|
tüxürmeğel
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
tüxür
|
tüxürme
|
| 2nd person
|
tüxürdoğo
|
tüxürquma
|
| 3rd person
|
tüxürqoğı
|
tüxürmeği
|
| infinitive
|
tüxürğüsi
|
tüxürmeğüsi
|
| manner noun
|
tüxüriş
|
tüxürmeş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
tüxürğen
|
tüxürmeğen
|
| perfective
|
tüxürmiş
|
tüxürmemiş
|
| prospective
|
tüxürğüsi
|
tüxürmeğüsi
|
| agent noun
|
tüxürğüci
|
tüxürmeğüci
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
tüxürme
|
| posterior converb
|
tüxürğü, tüxürceni
|
| anterior converb
|
tüxürğünçük
|
| iterative converb
|
tüxüre-tüxüre
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
tüxürğüşli
|
| causal converb
|
tüxürceni
|
| prospective converb
|
tüxürğüdene
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
tüxürer-(m)i
|
tüxürer-(m)o
|
tüxümes-(m)i
|
tüxümes-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
tüxürbır-(m)i
|
tüxürba-(m)o
|
tüxür yoxdır-(m)i
|
tüxür yox-aro
|
| past
|
tüxür-du,
tüxürci-mu
|
tüxürmiş-(m)o
|
tüxürme-du,
tüxürmeci-mu
|
tüxürmemiş-(m)o
|
| future
|
tüxürğür-(m)i
|
tüxürğe-(m)o
|
tüxürmeğür-(m)i
|
tüxürmeğe-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
tüxürğen var-(m)i
|
tüxürğen var-(m)o
|
tüxürğen yoxdır-(m)i
|
tüxürğen yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
tüxürği-mu
|
tüxürmeği-mu
|
| conditional
|
tüxürse-mu
|
tüxürmese-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
tüxürel-mu
|
tüxürmeğel-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
tüxür-mu
|
tüxürme-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
tüxürdoğo-mu
|
tüxürquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
tüxürqoğı-mu
|
tüxürmeği-mu
|
| infinitive
|
tüxürğüsi-mu
|
tüxürmeğüsi-mu
|
| manner noun
|
tüxüriş-mu
|
tüxürmeş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
tüxürğen-mu
|
tüxürmeğen-mu
|
| perfective
|
tüxürmiş-mu
|
tüxürmemiş-mu
|
| prospective
|
tüxürğüsi-mu
|
tüxürmeğüsi-mu
|
| agent noun
|
tüxürğüci-mu
|
tüxürmeğüci-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
tüxüreler
|
tüxüreler-a
|
tüxürelmes
|
tüxürelmes-a
|
| continuous
|
tüxürelbır
|
tüxürelba
|
tüxürel yoxdır,
tüxürelmır
|
tüxürel yox-a
|
| past
|
tüxürelci
|
tüxürelmiş
|
tüxürelmeci
|
tüxürelmemiş
|
| future
|
tüxürelğür
|
tüxürelğe
|
tüxürelmeğür
|
tüxürelmeğe
|
| past perfect
|
tüxürelğen var
|
tüxürelğen var-a
|
tüxürelğen yoxdır
|
tüxürelğen yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
References
- Potanin, G.N. (1893), “tüxürğüsi”, in Тангутско-Тибетская окраина Китая и Центральная Монголия (in Russian)
- Kakuk, S. (1962), “tüxürğüsi”, in “Un Vocabulaire Salar”, in Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae[1], volume 14, number 2, Akadémiai Kiadó, →ISBN, page 193
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “tüxürğüsi”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 527, 568
- 林 (Lin), 莲云 (Lianyun) (1992), “tüxürğüsi”, in 撒拉汉汉撒拉词汇 [Salar-Chinese, Chinese-Salar Vocabulary], 成都: 四川民族出版社, →ISBN, page 51
- Ma, Chengjun; Han, Lianye; Ma, Weisheng (December 2010), “tüxürğüsi”, in 米娜瓦尔 艾比布拉 (Minavar Abibra), editor, 撒维汉词典 (Sāwéihàncídiǎn) [Salar-Uyghur-Chinese dictionary] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Beijing, →ISBN, page 293
- 马伟 (Ma Wei); 朝克 (Chao Ke) (2016), “tüxürğüsi”, in 濒危语言——撒拉语研究 [Endangered Languages - Salar Language Studies], 青海 (Qinghai): 国家社会科学基金项目 (National Social Science Foundation Project), page 283