sponsus

Latin

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Perfect passive participle of spondeō (to vow, pledge). The noun was substantivized from the participle.

Noun

spōnsus m (genitive spōnsī, feminine spōnsa); second declension

  1. a groom
  2. a fiancé
Declension

Second-declension noun.

singular plural
nominative spōnsus spōnsī
genitive spōnsī spōnsōrum
dative spōnsō spōnsīs
accusative spōnsum spōnsōs
ablative spōnsō spōnsīs
vocative spōnse spōnsī
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Asturian: esposu
  • Catalan: espòs
  • Friulian: spôs
  • Galician: esposo
  • German: Gespons
  • Ido: spozo
  • Italian: sposo
  • Judeo-Italian: סְפוּסוֹ (səpuso /⁠spuso⁠/)
  • Lombard: spós
  • Occitan: espós
  • Old French: espos
  • Portuguese: esposo
  • Romansh: spus, spous
  • Sardinian: isposu, sposu
  • Sicilian: spusu
  • Spanish: esposo
  • Venetan: spóxo

Participle

spōnsus (feminine spōnsa, neuter spōnsum); first/second-declension participle

  1. pledged, promised
  2. bethrothed
  3. vowed
Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Etymology 2

From spondeō +‎ -tus (forming action noun).

Noun

spōnsus m (genitive spōnsūs); fourth declension

  1. (rare) a bail, surety
    Synonyms: pignus, fīdūcia
    Near-synonym: arrha
Usage notes

Only used in the ablative singular.

Declension

Fourth-declension noun, singular only.

References

  • spōnsus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • spōnsus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • spōnsus¹”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • spōnsus²”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • sponsus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.