roucouler
French
Etymology
Onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁu.ku.le/
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Verb
roucouler
- to coo (make a soft murmuring sound, as a pigeon)
- 1857, Gustave Flaubert, Madame Bovary […][1], Paris: Michel Lévy Frères:
- Si elle ne l'avait point instruit de ce billet, c'était afin de lui épargner des tracas domestiques; elle s'assit sur ses genoux, le caressa, roucoula, fit une longue énumération de toutes les choses indispensables prises à crédit.
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Conjugation
Conjugation of roucouler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | roucouler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | roucoulant /ʁu.ku.lɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | roucoulé /ʁu.ku.le/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | roucoule /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoules /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoule /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoulons /ʁu.ku.lɔ̃/ |
roucoulez /ʁu.ku.le/ |
roucoulent /ʁu.kul/ |
| imperfect | roucoulais /ʁu.ku.lɛ/ |
roucoulais /ʁu.ku.lɛ/ |
roucoulait /ʁu.ku.lɛ/ |
roucoulions /ʁu.ku.ljɔ̃/ |
roucouliez /ʁu.ku.lje/ |
roucoulaient /ʁu.ku.lɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | roucoulai /ʁu.ku.le/ |
roucoulas /ʁu.ku.la/ |
roucoula /ʁu.ku.la/ |
roucoulâmes /ʁu.ku.lam/ |
roucoulâtes /ʁu.ku.lat/ |
roucoulèrent /ʁu.ku.lɛʁ/ | |
| future | roucoulerai /ʁu.kul.ʁe/ |
roucouleras /ʁu.kul.ʁa/ |
roucoulera /ʁu.kul.ʁa/ |
roucoulerons /ʁu.kul.ʁɔ̃/ |
roucoulerez /ʁu.kul.ʁe/ |
roucouleront /ʁu.kul.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | roucoulerais /ʁu.kul.ʁɛ/ |
roucoulerais /ʁu.kul.ʁɛ/ |
roucoulerait /ʁu.kul.ʁɛ/ |
roucoulerions /ʁu.ku.lə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
roucouleriez /ʁu.ku.lə.ʁje/ |
roucouleraient /ʁu.kul.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | roucoule /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoules /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoule /ʁu.kul/ |
roucoulions /ʁu.ku.ljɔ̃/ |
roucouliez /ʁu.ku.lje/ |
roucoulent /ʁu.kul/ |
| imperfect2 | roucoulasse /ʁu.ku.las/ |
roucoulasses /ʁu.ku.las/ |
roucoulât /ʁu.ku.la/ |
roucoulassions /ʁu.ku.la.sjɔ̃/ |
roucoulassiez /ʁu.ku.la.sje/ |
roucoulassent /ʁu.ku.las/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | roucoule /ʁu.kul/ |
— | roucoulons /ʁu.ku.lɔ̃/ |
roucoulez /ʁu.ku.le/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “roucouler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012