raczej

Polish

Etymology

    Inherited from Old Polish radszej. (comparative degree of rado (willingly)) with an affrication of -dsz- due to frequent use.[1][2][3] For a similar affrication, compare przecież.

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /ˈra.t͡ʂɛj/
    • (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈra.t͡ʂɛj/, /ˈrɒt.ʂɛj/, /ˈrat.ʂej/, /ˈrɒt.ʂej/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -at͡ʂɛj
    • Syllabification: ra‧czej

    Particle

    raczej

    1. denotes hesitation but a preference towards something; rather; fairly, kind of
      Było raczej gorąco.It was rather hot.
    2. used to state that a given trait is more apt to describe something as opposed to another; rather; not
      Nie byłem głodny, raczej spragniony.I wasn't hungry, rather thirsty.
    3. used to replace a previously used word; no wait; actually
      On był głodny, spragniony raczej.He was hungry... actually no, thirsty.
    4. (Middle Polish) especially; above all

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), raczej is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 27 times in scientific texts, 4 times in news, 13 times in essays, 23 times in fiction, and 22 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 89 times, making it the 716th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[4]

    References

    1. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “raczej”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
    2. ^ Mańczak, Witold (2017), “raczej”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
    3. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “raczej”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    4. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “raczej”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 2, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 481

    Further reading