Salar
Etymology
Derived from Salar xotqusı. Cognate to Western Yugur [script needed] (qowar-, “to erect; to cause to rise; to build (a house)”),[1] also Azerbaijani qoparmaq, Gagauz koparmaa, Turkish koparmak, Turkmen goparmak, also Kyrgyz коборуу (koboruu), Kazakh қобырау (qobyrau), Karakhanid قُبُرْماقْ (qoburmāq/qopurmāq),[2] Khorezmian Turkic [script needed] (kopar-), Cuman-Kipchak [script needed] (kopar-/kobar-, “to erect, build”), Chagatai [script needed] (qoparmaq), Uyghur [script needed] (qopurmaq, qomurmaq).
Pronunciation
- (Xunhua, Qinghai) IPA(key): /χovɑrʁusɨ/, /χovɨrʁusɨ/, /χoːrʁusɨ/
- (Mengda, Xunhua, Qinghai; Gansu) IPA(key): /χoʰpɑrʁusɨ/, /χoɑːrʁusɨ/
- (Ili, Xinjiang) IPA(key): /χupɑrʁusɨ/
Noun
xovarğusı
- to raise, build, erect
- (Ili Salar) to help someone to stand
- Synonym: xotdırğusı
Conjugation
Conjugation of xovarğusı
basic conjugation
| basic conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
xovarar
|
xovarar-a
|
xovamas
|
xovamas-a
|
| continuous
|
xovarbır
|
xovarba(r)
|
xovar yoxdır,
xovarmır
|
xovar yox-a
|
| past
|
xovarcı
|
xovarmış
|
xovarmacı
|
xovarmamış
|
| future
|
xovarğur
|
xovarğa(r)
|
xovarmağur
|
xovarmağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
xovarğan var
|
xovarğan var-a
|
xovarğan yoxdır
|
xovarğan yox-a
|
| necessitative
|
xovarğı
|
xovarmağı
|
| conditional
|
xovarsa
|
xovarmasa
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
xovaral
|
xovarmağal
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
xovar
|
xovarma
|
| 2nd person
|
xovardoğo
|
xovarquma
|
| 3rd person
|
xovarqoğı
|
xovarmağı
|
| infinitive
|
xovarğusı
|
xovarmağusı
|
| manner noun
|
xovarış
|
xovarmaş
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
xovarğan
|
xovarmağan
|
| perfective
|
xovarmış
|
xovarmamış
|
| prospective
|
xovarğusı
|
xovarmağusı
|
| agent noun
|
xovarğucı
|
xovarmağucı
|
|
|
converbs
|
| purposive converb
|
xovarma
|
| posterior converb
|
xovarğu, xovarcanı
|
| anterior converb
|
xovarğunçük
|
| iterative converb
|
xovara-xovara
|
| immediate posterior converb
|
xovarğuşlı
|
| causal converb
|
xovarcanı
|
| prospective converb
|
xovarğudana
|
| sequential converb
|
xovarı
|
question conjugation
| question conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
|
|
experimental1
|
inferential2
|
experimental
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
xovarar-(m)i
|
xovarar-(m)o
|
xovamas-(m)i
|
xovamas-(m)o
|
| continuous
|
xovarbır-(m)i
|
xovarba(r)-(m)o
|
xovar yoxdır-(m)i
|
xovar yox-aro
|
| past
|
xovar-du,
xovarcı-mu
|
xovarmış-(m)o
|
xovarma-du,
xovarmacı-mu
|
xovarmamış-(m)o
|
| future
|
xovarğur-(m)i
|
xovarğa(r)-(m)o
|
xovarmağur-(m)i
|
xovarmağa(r)-(m)o
|
| past perfect
|
xovarğan var-(m)i
|
xovarğan var-(m)o
|
xovarğan yoxdır-(m)i
|
xovarğan yox-aro
|
| necessitative
|
xovarğı-mu
|
xovarmağı-mu
|
| conditional
|
xovarsa-mu
|
xovarmasa-mu
|
| imperative
|
1st person plural
|
xovaral-mu
|
xovarmağal-mu
|
| 2nd & 3rd person
|
xovar-mu
|
xovarma-mu
|
| 2nd person
|
xovardoğo-mu
|
xovarquma-mu
|
| 3rd person
|
xovarqoğı-mu
|
xovarmağı-mu
|
| infinitive
|
xovarğusı-mu
|
xovarmağusı-mu
|
| manner noun
|
xovarış-mu
|
xovarmaş-mu
|
| impersonal participle
|
imperfective
|
xovarğan-mu
|
xovarmağan-mu
|
| perfective
|
xovarmış-mu
|
xovarmamış-mu
|
| prospective
|
xovarğusı-mu
|
xovarmağusı-mu
|
| agent noun
|
xovarğucı-mu
|
xovarmağucı-mu
|
potential conjugation
| potential conjugation
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
xovaralar
|
xovaralar-a
|
xovaralmas
|
xovaralmas-a
|
| continuous
|
xovaralbır
|
xovaralba(r)
|
xovaral yoxdır,
xovaralmır
|
xovaral yox-a
|
| past
|
xovaralcı
|
xovaralmış
|
xovaralmacı
|
xovaralmamış
|
| future
|
xovaralğur
|
xovaralğa(r)
|
xovaralmağur
|
xovaralmağa(r)
|
| past perfect
|
xovaralğan var
|
xovaralğan var-a
|
xovaralğan yoxdır
|
xovaralğan yox-a
|
inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
| inceptive–punctual aspectual construction
|
|
|
positive
|
negative
|
| experiential
|
inferential
|
experiential
|
inferential
|
| aorist
|
{{{71}}}
|
{{{72}}}
|
{{{101}}}
|
{{{102}}}
|
| continuous
|
{{{73}}}
|
{{{74}}}
|
{{{103}}},
{{{1031}}}
|
{{{104}}}
|
| past
|
{{{75}}}
|
{{{76}}}
|
{{{105}}}
|
{{{106}}}
|
| future
|
{{{77}}}
|
{{{78}}}
|
{{{107}}}
|
{{{108}}}
|
| past perfect
|
{{{79}}}
|
{{{80}}}
|
{{{109}}}
|
{{{110}}}
|
|
1 The speaker knows the answer to the question, or believes that herself/himself does.
2 The speaker genuinely does not know the answer to the question.
References
- ^ Roos, Marti (2000), The Western Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) Language. Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary, Leiden: University of Leiden, page 349
- ^ al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074), Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume II, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 72
- Tenishev, Edhem (1976), “xovarğusı”, in Stroj salárskovo jazyká [Grammar of Salar], Moscow, pages 547, 550, 552
- Poppe, Nicholas (1953). Remarks on The Salar Language. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, 16(3/4), 438–477. [1]
- Yakup, Abdurishid (2002), “χupɑr”, in An Ili Salar Vocabulary: Introduction and a Provisional Salar-English Lexicon[2], Tokyo: University of Tokyo, →ISBN, page 116
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “kopur- (kopor-)”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 586