pstk'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From unattested Old Persian *pistaka, hence Elamite [script needed] (pi-iš-tuk-ka₄ /⁠pistaka⁠/, “pistachio nut”), probably from Proto-Iranian *pištakáh (“crushed”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pištás + *-ikas, from Proto-Indo-European *pis-tó-s, from *peys- (“to grind, crush”).[1][2] The name perhaps refers to the ease of crushing pistachios and the culinary value of crushed pistachios.

Noun

pstk' • (pistag)

  1. (Book Pahlavi) pistachio nut

Descendants

(Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian)

  • Persian: پسته (pista / peste)
    • → Azerbaijani: püstə
    • → Bengali: পেস্তা (pesta)
    • → Georgian: ფისტა (pisṭa)
    • → Gujarati: પિસ્તા (pistā)
    • → Hindustani:
      Hindi: पिस्ता (pistā)
      Urdu: پستا (pistā), پستہ (pista)
      → English: pista
  • → Kazakh: пісте (pıste)
  • → Khalaj: pistə
  • → Marathi: पिस्ता (pistā)
  • → Odia: ପେସ୍ତା (pestā)
  • → Ottoman Turkish: پسته (piste)
  • → Pashto: پسته (pistá)
  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਪਿਸਤਾ (pistā)
    Shahmukhi script: پستا (pistā), پستہ (pista)
  • → Sindhi:
    Devanagari script: पिस्तो (pisto)
    Arabic script: پستو (pisto)
  • → Tatar: пестә (pestä)
  • → Turkmen: pisse
  • → Uzbek: pista
  • → Ancient Greek: πιστάκη (pistákē)
  • → Arabic: فُسْتُق (fustuq)
  • → Aramaic: פסתקא (pistəqā)
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: פיסתקא (pistəqā), פסתקא (pistəqā)
    Classical Syriac: ܦܘܣܬܩܐ (pustəqā), ܦܷܣܬܩܐ (pestəqā)
  • → Old Armenian: պիստակ (pistak), պստակ (pstak)

    • References

    1. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*paiš (> NWIR: > NP pistah)”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 292-3
    2. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), “*paiš (> pistag)”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 97

    Further reading

    • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “պիստակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 85ab
    • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “pistag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 69
    • Lokotsch, Karl (1927), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1664, page 133b
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