Vietnamese
Etymology
Sino-Vietnamese word from 犯上.
Pronunciation
- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [faːm˧˨ʔ tʰɨəŋ˧˨ʔ]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [faːm˨˩ʔ tʰɨəŋ˨˩ʔ]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [faːm˨˩˨ tʰɨəŋ˨˩˨]
Verb
phạm thượng
- (historical, chiefly the monarches or deties) to offend one's superior