nhe'engatu
Old Tupi
Etymology
From nhe'eng (“to speak”) + katu (“well”).
Verb
nhe'engatu (first-person singular active indicative anhe'engatu, first-person singular negative active indicative n'anhe'engatuî, noun nhe'engatu) (intransitive)
- (Língua Geral Amazônica) to know a language[1]
Conjugation
Conjugation of nhe'engatu (intransitive, U-ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)
Note: not all forms are attested, most of the table is reconstructed based on known patterns.
| Causative | monhe'engatu | |||||
| Causative-comitative | eronhe'engatu | |||||
| Deverbals | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -ba'e | onhe'engatuba'e | |||||
| -sab(a) | nhe'engatûaba / nhe'engatusaba | |||||
| -sar(a) | nhe'engatûara / nhe'engatusara | |||||
| Singular | Singular and Plural | Plural | ||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person exclusive | 1st person inclusive | 2nd person | |
| Verbal forms | ||||||
| Active | ||||||
| Indicative | anhe'engatu | erenhe'engatu | onhe'engatu | oronhe'engatu | îanhe'engatu | penhe'engatu |
| Permissive | t'anhe'engatu | t'erenhe'engatu | t'onhe'engatu | t'oronhe'engatu | t'îanhe'engatu | ta penhe'engatu |
| Imperative | enhe'engatu | penhe'engatu | ||||
| Negative indicative | n'anhe'engatuî | n'erenhe'engatuî | n'onhe'engatuî | n'oronhe'engatuî | n'îanhe'engatuî | na penhe'engatuî |
| Negative permissive | t'anhe'engatu umẽ | t'erenhe'engatu umẽ | t'onhe'engatu umẽ | t'oronhe'engatu umẽ | t'îanhe'engatu umẽ | ta penhe'engatu umẽ |
| Negative imperative | enhe'engatu umẽ | penhe'engatu umẽ | ||||
| Gerund | ||||||
| Affirmative | gûinhe'engatûabo | enhe'engatûabo | onhe'engatûabo | oronhe'engatûabo | îanhe'engatûabo | penhe'engatûabo |
| Negative | gûinhe'engatue'yma | enhe'engatue'yma | onhe'engatue'yma | oronhe'engatue'yma | îanhe'engatue'yma | penhe'engatue'yma |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Affirmative | nhe'engatu | |||||
| Negative | nhe'engatue'yma | |||||
| Circumstantial | ||||||
| Affirmative | xe nhe'engatuû | i nhe'engatuû | oré nhe'engatuû | îandé nhe'engatuû | ||
| Negative | xe nhe'engatue'ymi | i nhe'engatue'ymi | oré nhe'engatue'ymi | îandé nhe'engatue'ymi | ||
Descendants
References
- ^ Meisterburg, Anton [attributed] (a. 1756), “Lingoa ſaber”, in [Dicionário de Trier] [Dictionary from Trier] (overall work in Portuguese and Língua Geral Amazônica), Baixo Xingu; Pará, page 25v, column 1, line 24; republished as Jean-Claude Muller et al., editors, Dicionário de língua geral amazônica [Língua Geral Amazônica Dictionary], Potsdam: University of Potsdam, 2019, , page 193: “anheengatú. […] onheéngatu.”
- anonymous author (1622), “Falar bem. s. a linguagem”, in Vocabulario na lingoa Braſilica (overall work in Portuguese), Piratininga; republished as Carlos Drummond, editor, Vocabulário na Língua Brasílica, 2nd edition, volume 1, São Paulo: USP, 1953, page 133: “Xenheẽgatû”