múch
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish múchaid (“to cover over, press down, suffocate, quench”), from múch (“smoke, stifling vapour”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /mˠuːx/
Verb
múch (present analytic múchann, future analytic múchfaidh, verbal noun múchadh, past participle múchta)
- to extinguish, quench (fire), turn off (a device or power source)
- to choke, strangle, suffocate, smother
- to quell, put down, suppress
Conjugation
| indicative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | múchaim | múchann tú; múchair† |
múchann sé, sí | múchaimid; múchann muid | múchann sibh | múchann siad; múchaid† |
a mhúchann; a mhúchas | múchtar |
| past | mhúch mé; mhúchas | mhúch tú; mhúchais | mhúch sé, sí | mhúchamar; mhúch muid | mhúch sibh; mhúchabhair | mhúch siad; mhúchadar | a mhúch | múchadh |
| past habitual | mhúchainn / múchainn‡ |
mhúchtá / múchtᇠ|
mhúchadh sé, sí / múchadh sé, sí‡ |
mhúchaimis; mhúchadh muid / múchaimis‡; múchadh muid‡ |
mhúchadh sibh / múchadh sibh‡ |
mhúchaidís; mhúchadh siad / múchaidís‡; múchadh siad‡ |
a mhúchadh | mhúchtaí / múchtaí‡ |
| singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| future | múchfaidh mé; múchfad |
múchfaidh tú; múchfair† |
múchfaidh sé, sí | múchfaimid; múchfaidh muid |
múchfaidh sibh | múchfaidh siad; múchfaid† |
a mhúchfaidh; a mhúchfas | múchfar |
| conditional | mhúchfainn / múchfainn‡ |
mhúchfá / múchfᇠ|
mhúchfadh sé, sí / múchfadh sé, sí‡ |
mhúchfaimis; mhúchfadh muid / múchfaimis‡; múchfadh muid‡ |
mhúchfadh sibh / múchfadh sibh‡ |
mhúchfaidís; mhúchfadh siad / múchfaidís‡; múchfadh siad‡ |
a mhúchfadh | mhúchfaí / múchfaí‡ |
| subjunctive | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present | go múcha mé; go múchad† |
go múcha tú; go múchair† |
go múcha sé, sí | go múchaimid; go múcha muid |
go múcha sibh | go múcha siad; go múchaid† |
— | go múchtar |
| past | dá múchainn | dá múchtá | dá múchadh sé, sí | dá múchaimis; dá múchadh muid |
dá múchadh sibh | dá múchaidís; dá múchadh siad |
— | dá múchtaí |
| imperative | singular | plural | direct relative | autonomous | ||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| — | múchaim | múch | múchadh sé, sí | múchaimis | múchaigí; múchaidh† |
múchaidís | — | múchtar |
| past participle | múchta | |||||||
| verbal noun | múchadh | |||||||
† archaic or dialect form
‡ dependent form
Derived terms
- múchtach (“smothering”, adjective)
- múchtóir (“extinguisher”)
Mutation
| radical | lenition | eclipsis |
|---|---|---|
| múch | mhúch | not applicable |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “múchaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “múch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈmuːx/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic *muk-. Perhaps related to múich (“gloom, sadness”).
Noun
múch f (genitive múiche)
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | múchL | — | — |
| vocative | múchL | — | — |
| accusative | múichN | — | — |
| genitive | múicheH | — | — |
| dative | múichL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
- H = triggers aspiration
- L = triggers lenition
- N = triggers nasalization
Derived terms
- múchaid (“to suffocate, extinguish”)
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
múch
- second-person singular imperative of múchaid
Verb
·múch
- inflection of múchaid:
Mutation
| radical | lenition | nasalization |
|---|---|---|
| múch also mmúch in h-prothesis environments |
múch pronounced with /β̃-/ |
múch also mmúch |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “múch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /muːx/
Noun
múch
- genitive plural of mucha