luxus

From Latin luxus (“abundant”)

• IPA^(key): [ˈluksus]

luxus m inan

1. luxury

   Synonym: přepych

• “luxus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “luxus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “luxus”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2026

From Latin luxus.^[1]

• IPA^(key): [ˈluksuʃ]
• Hyphenation: lu‧xus
• Rhymes: -uʃ

luxus (usually uncountable, plural luxusok)

1. luxury (very wealthy and comfortable surroundings)

   Synonyms: fényűzés, pompa

2. (often as a prefix in compounds) luxury, exclusive (something desirable but expensive that one cannot afford to buy)

• luxus in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɫuːk.sʊs], [ˈɫʊk.sʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈluk.sus]
• De Vaan 2008 reconstructs the vowel in the first syllable as short, but notes the problem of explaining why Lachmann's law did not apply. In contrast, Bennett 1907 marks it long, appealing to Romance descendants,^[1] although Bennett also gives luxus as an example of a word where it is difficult to decide whether the forms encountered in Romance are popular or learned.^[2]

Perhaps from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lug-sό-s, from Proto-Indo-European *léwg-os ~ *léwg-es-os (“bend, twist”),^[3] from *lewg-, whence also luctor (“wrestle”).^[4] If this theory is accepted, then the term is cognate with Sanskrit rugṇá (“bent, broken”), Ancient Greek λύγος (lúgos, “twig, withe”), Lithuanian lugnas, and Old Norse lykna (“to bend, close”).

lū̆xus (feminine lū̆xa, neuter lū̆xum); first/second-declension adjective

1. dislocated

First/second-declension adjective.

• lū̆xō

Disputed. Perhaps an abstract u-stem noun (see -tus) formed on the same stem as the adjective luxus, from Proto-Italic *luksos, from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Another theory derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *dluk-s-u-, a u-stem adjective built to *dluk-s-ό (“sweet”), itself perhaps from *dléwk-es- (“sweetness”), whence perhaps Ancient Greek γλεῦκος (gleûkos, “sweet wine”).^[5] However, the etymology of the Greek term is highly contentious, and it may derive from a non-IE substrate. For a semantic association between "sweetness" and "luxury," compare Italian dolce vita.

lū̆xus m (genitive lū̆xūs); fourth declension

1. a dislocation
2. extravagance, luxury, excess, debauchery
3. pomp, splendor

Fourth-declension noun.

• lū̆xor
• lū̆xuria/ lū̆xuriēs

• “luxus” in volume 7, part 1, column 1934, line 21 in the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae (TLL Open Access), Berlin (formerly Leipzig): De Gruyter (formerly Teubner), 1900–present
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “luxus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "luxus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to pass one's life in luxury and idleness: per luxum et ignaviam aetatem agere