llwygo

Welsh

Alternative forms

  • llwygu, llwygad, llwygan

Etymology

Related to Breton loegein (“to swerve or become distorted, look from below”); Loth posits that both are from Proto-Celtic *leiko-, and further related to Latin licinus (“bent upward”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“to bend”).[1] There is a phonetic similarity with Old Irish líach (“sad, wretched”), but not a close semantic match.

Verb

llwygo (first-person singular present llwygaf)

  1. to tire, to fatigue, to weary
    Synonyms: blino, ymlâdd, diffygio, methu

Conjugation

Conjugation of llwygo (literary)
singular plural impersonal
first second third first second third
present indicative/future llwygaf llwygi llwyg, llwyga llwygwn llwygwch llwygant llwygir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
conditional 		llwygwn llwygit llwygai llwygem llwygech llwygent llwygid
preterite llwygais llwygaist llwygodd llwygasom llwygasoch llwygasant llwygwyd
pluperfect llwygaswn llwygasit llwygasai llwygasem llwygasech llwygasent llwygasid, llwygesid
present subjunctive llwygwyf llwygych llwygo llwygom llwygoch llwygont llwyger
imperative — llwyga llwyged llwygwn llwygwch llwygent llwyger
verbal noun llwygo
verbal adjectives llwygedig
llwygadwy
Conjugation of llwygo (colloquial)
inflected
colloquial forms 		singular plural
first second third first second third
future llwyga i,
llwygaf i 		llwygi di llwygith o/e/hi,
llwygiff e/hi 		llwygwn ni llwygwch chi llwygan nhw
conditional llwygwn i,
llwygswn i 		llwyget ti,
llwygset ti 		llwygai fo/fe/hi,
llwygsai fo/fe/hi 		llwygen ni,
llwygsen ni 		llwygech chi,
llwygsech chi 		llwygen nhw,
llwygsen nhw
preterite llwygais i,
llwyges i 		llwygaist ti,
llwygest ti 		llwygodd o/e/hi llwygon ni llwygoch chi llwygon nhw
imperative — llwyga — — llwygwch —

Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

  • llwyg (“immovability, scurvy”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of llwygo
radical soft nasal aspirate
llwygo lwygo unchanged unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

  1. ^ Loth, J. (1925). Notes étymologiques et lexicographiques. Revue celtique, 42, 370–385.

Further reading

  • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “llwygo”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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