leabhar

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /lʲɑuɾˠ/^[1]
(Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈl̠ʲauəɾˠ/^[2]
(Ulster) IPA^(key): /l̠ʲoːɾˠ/^[3]

Etymology 1

From Old Irish lebor, from Latin liber.^[4]

Noun

leabhar m (genitive singular leabhair, nominative plural leabhair or leabhartha)

book

Declension

Declension of leabhar (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	leabhar	leabhair
vocative	a leabhair	a leabhara
genitive	leabhair	leabhar
dative	leabhar	leabhair

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an leabhar	na leabhair
genitive	an leabhair	na leabhar
dative	leis an leabhar don leabhar	leis na leabhair

Alternative plurals:

leabhartha, leabhra
leabhairidhe (Ulster)

Derived terms

Etymology 2

See leabhair.

Adjective

leabhar (genitive singular masculine leabhair, genitive singular feminine leabhaire, plural leabhara, comparative leabhaire)

alternative form of leabhair (“lithe”)

Declension

Declension of *leabhar*
Positive	singular		plural
Positive	masculine	feminine	strong noun	weak noun
nominative	leabhar	leabhar	leabhara
vocative	leabhair	leabhar	leabhara
genitive	leabhair	leabhaire	leabhara	leabhar
dative	leabhar	leabhar; leabhair (archaic)	leabhara

Comparative	níos leabhaire
Superlative	is leabhaire

Etymology 3

See liúr.

Noun

leabhar m (genitive singular leabhair, nominative plural leabhair)

alternative form of liúr (“staff”)

Declension

Declension of leabhar (first declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	leabhar	leabhair
vocative	a leabhair	a leabhara
genitive	leabhair	leabhar
dative	leabhar	leabhair

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an leabhar	na leabhair
genitive	an leabhair	na leabhar
dative	leis an leabhar don leabhar	leis na leabhair

Verb

leabhar (present analytic leabhraíonn, future analytic leabhróidh, verbal noun leabhart, past participle leabhartha)

(transitive) alternative form of liúr (“to trounce”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *leabhar* (second conjugation)
indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
indicative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	leabhraím	leabhraíonn tú; leabhraír^†	leabhraíonn sé, sí	leabhraímid; leabhraíonn muid	leabhraíonn sibh	leabhraíonn siad; leabhraíd^†	a leabhraíonn; a leabhraíos	leabhraítear
past	leabhair mé; leabhraíos	leabhair tú; leabhraís	leabhair sé, sí	leabhraíomar; leabhair muid	leabhair sibh; leabhraíobhair	leabhair siad; leabhraíodar	a leabhair	leabhraíodh
past habitual	leabhraínn	leabhraíteá	leabhraíodh sé, sí	leabhraímis; leabhraíodh muid	leabhraíodh sibh	leabhraídís; leabhraíodh	a leabhraíodh	leabhraítí

	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
future	leabhróidh mé; leabhród; leabhróchaidh mé^†	leabhróidh tú; leabhróir^†; leabhróchaidh tú^†	leabhróidh sé, sí; leabhróchaidh sé, sí^†	leabhróimid; leabhróidh muid; leabhróchaimid^†; leabhróchaidh muid^†	leabhróidh sibh; leabhróchaidh sibh^†	leabhróidh siad; leabhróid^†; leabhróchaidh siad^†	a leabhróidh; a leabhrós; a leabhróchaidh^†; a leabhróchas^†	leabhrófar; leabhróchar^†
conditional	leabhróinn; leabhróchainn^†	leabhrófá; leabhróchthá^†	leabhródh sé, sí; leabhróchadh sé, sí^†	leabhróimis; leabhródh muid; leabhróchaimis^†; leabhróchadh muid^†	leabhródh sibh; leabhróchadh sibh^†	leabhróidís; leabhródh siad; leabhróchaidís^†; leabhróchadh siad^†	a leabhródh; a leabhróchadh^†	leabhrófaí; leabhróchthaí^†

subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
subjunctive	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
present	go leabhraí mé; go leabhraíod^†	go leabhraí tú; go leabhraír^†	go leabhraí sé, sí	go leabhraímid; go leabhraí muid	go leabhraí sibh	go leabhraí siad; go leabhraíd^†	—	go leabhraítear
past	dá leabhraínn	dá leabhraíteá	dá leabhraíodh sé, sí	dá leabhraímis; dá leabhraíodh muid	dá leabhraíodh sibh	dá leabhraídís; dá leabhraíodh siad	—	dá leabhraítí

imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
imperative	first	second	third	first	second	third	direct relative	autonomous
—	leabhraím	leabhair	leabhraíodh sé, sí	leabhraímis	leabhraígí; leabhraídh^†	leabhraídís	—	leabhraítear

past participle	leabhartha

verbal noun	leabhairt

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

References

^ Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 202, page 102
^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 183
^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 222, page 83
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lebor”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish lebor,^[1] from Latin liber.

Pronunciation

(Lewis) IPA^(key): /ˈʎɔ.əɾ/, /ˈʎɔ.ɔɾ/, [ˈʎɔ̝.əɾ]^[2]
(Harris) IPA^(key): /ˈʎɔˑ.əɾ/
(Uist, Barra, Skye) IPA^(key): /ˈʎɛ̯ɔˑ.əɾ/, /ˈʎe̯ɔˑ.əɾ/^[3]^[4]
(Wester Ross) IPA^(key): /ˈʎɛ̯ɔ.uɾ/, /ʎe.uɾ/^[5]

Noun

leabhar m (genitive singular leabhair, plural leabhraichean)

book, volume
Seo an leabhar leamsa. ― This is my book.

Declension

Declension of *leabhar* (type Vb masculine noun)
indefinite
	singular	plural
nominative	leabhar	leabhraichean
genitive	leabhair	leabhraichean
dative	leabhar	leabhraichean

definite
	singular	plural
nominative	(an) leabhar	(na) leabhraichean
genitive	(an) leabhair	(nan) leabhraichean
dative	(an) leabhar	(na) leabhraichean
vocative	leabhar	leabhraichean

Alternative vocative: leabhra (only in fossilised phrases)

Derived terms

bùth-leabhraichean (“bookshop”)
Leabhar Ghnìomharan nan Abstol (“Acts”)
leabhar-cheist (“catechism”)
leabhar-cùnntais (“ledger”)
leabhar-fiosrachaidh (“reference book”)
leabhar-iùil (“guidebook”)
leabhar-làimhe (“handbook”)
leabhar-latha (“diary”)
leabhar-pòcaid (“pocketbook”)
leabharlann (“library”)
stàile-leabhraichean (“bookstall”)
teacs-leabhar m (“textbook”)

References

^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lebor”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^ John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎^[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh
^ Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937), The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap
^ Wentworth, Roy (2003), Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

Edward Dwelly (1911), “leabhar”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

[1] Sjoestedt, M. L. (1931), Phonétique d’un parler irlandais de Kerry [Phonetics of an Irish Dialect of Kerry] (in French), Paris: Librairie Ernest Leroux, § 202, page 102

[2] Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 183

[3] Quiggin, E. C. (1906), A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 222, page 83

[4] Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lebor”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[5] Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “lebor”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

[6] Oftedal, M. (1956), A linguistic survey of the Gaelic dialects of Scotland, Vol. III: The Gaelic of Leurbost, Isle of Lewis, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

[7] John MacPherson (1945) The Gaelic dialect of North Uist (Thesis)‎^[1], Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh

[8] Borgstrøm, Carl Hj. (1937), The dialect of Barra in the Outer Hebrides, Oslo: Norsk Tidsskrift for Sprogvidenskap

[9] Wentworth, Roy (2003), Gaelic Words and Phrases From Wester Ross / Faclan is Abairtean à Ros an Iar, Inverness: CLÀR, →ISBN

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Adjective

Declension

Etymology 3

Noun

Declension

Verb

Conjugation

References

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

References