kussõ
Votic
The spelling of this entry has been normalized from kussa according to the principles established by Wiktionary's editor community as described at Wiktionary:About Votic or recent spelling standards of the language.
Pronunciation
- (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈkusːɑ/, [ˈkusːə̠]
- (Jõgõperä) IPA(key): /ˈkusːɑ/, [ˈkusː]
- Rhymes: -usːɑ
- Hyphenation: kus‧sõ
Etymology 1
Elative of Proto-Finnic *ku.
Adverb
kussõ
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *kustak.
Verb
kussõ
Inflection
| Conjugation of kussõ (type V-2/pesse, no gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kuzõn | en kuzõ | 1st singular | õõn kuznu | en õõ kuznu |
| 2nd singular | kuzõd | ed kuzõ | 2nd singular | õõd kuznu | ed õõ kuznu |
| 3rd singular | kuzõb | eb kuzõ | 3rd singular | on kuznu | eb õõ kuznu |
| 1st plural | kuzõmmõ | emmä kuzõ | 1st plural | õõmmõ kuznu | emmä õõ kuznu |
| 2nd plural | kuzõttõ | että kuzõ | 2nd plural | õõttõ kuznu | että õõ kuznu |
| 3rd plural | kussa | eväd kuzõ | 3rd plural | õlla kustu | eväd õõ kustu |
| impersonal | kussa | eväd kuzõ | impersonal | õlla kustu | eväd õõ kustu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kuzin | en kuznu | 1st singular | õlin kuznu | — |
| 2nd singular | kuzid | ed kuznu | 2nd singular | õlid kuznu | — |
| 3rd singular | kusi | eb kuznu | 3rd singular | õli kuznu | — |
| 1st plural | kuzimmõ | emmä kuznu | 1st plural | õlimmõ kuznu | — |
| 2nd plural | kuzittõ | että kuznu | 2nd plural | õlittõ kuznu | — |
| 3rd plural | kusti | eväd kustu | 3rd plural | õlti kustu | — |
| impersonal | kusti | eväd kustu | impersonal | õlti kustu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | kusõizin | en kusõizʹ | 1st singular | õll(õ)izin kuznu | en õll(õ)izʹ kuznu |
| 2nd singular | kusõizid | ed kusõizʹ | 2nd singular | õll(õ)izid kuznu | ed õll(õ)izʹ kuznu |
| 3rd singular | kusõizʹ | eb kusõizʹ | 3rd singular | õll(õ)izʹ kuznu | eb õll(õ)izʹ kuznu |
| 1st plural | kusõizimmõ | emmä kusõizʹ | 1st plural | õll(õ)izimmõ kuznu | emmä õll(õ)izʹ kuznu |
| 2nd plural | kusõizittõ | että kusõizʹ | 2nd plural | õll(õ)izittõ kuznu | että õll(õ)izʹ kuznu |
| 3rd plural | kustaizʹ | eväd kustaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ kustu | eväd õltaizʹ kustu |
| impersonal | kustaizʹ | eväd kustaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ kustu | eväd õltaizʹ kustu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | kuzõ | elä kuzõ | |||
| 3rd singular | kusko1) | elko kusko1) | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | kuska | elka kuska | |||
| 3rd plural | kuskod1) | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | kussõ | present | kuzõjõ2) | — | |
| 2nd | illative | kusõma | past | kuznu | kustu |
| inessive | kusõmõz | 1) using la is more common 2) also used as the agent noun | |||
| elative | kusõmõssõ | ||||
| abessive | kusõmõttõ | ||||
References
- Hallap, V.; Adler, E.; Grünberg, S.; Leppik, M. (2012), “kussa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2nd edition, Tallinn