kurang
See also: ku·rang
Indonesian
Etymology
Inherited from Malay kurang, from Proto-Malayic *kuraŋ.
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkuraŋ/ [ˈku.raŋ]
- Rhymes: -uraŋ
- Syllabification: ku‧rang
Adjective
kurang (comparative lebih kurang, superlative paling kurang)
- less
- Filmnya kurang bermanfaat.
- The film is less beneficial.
- lacking; deficient
- Sayurnya kurang garam.
- The vegetable is lacking salt.
Preposition
kurang
- (mathematics) minus
- Antonym: tambah
Noun
kurang (plural kurang-kurang)
- (mathematics) minus sign (−); minus
- Synonym: tanda kurang
Derived terms
Affixed forms
- berkekurangan
- berkurang
- berkurang-kurang
- dikurang
- dikurangi
- dikurangkan
- kekurangan
- kurang-kurang
- mengurang
- mengurangi
- mengurangkan
- pengurang
- pengurangan
- sekurang-kurangnya
Compound forms
- kurang adab
- kurang adat
- kurang air
- kurang ajar
- kurang akal
- kurang asam
- kurang asin
- kurang bahasa
- kurang beres
- kurang darah
- kurang energi protein
- kurang gizi
- kurang hati
- kurang iman
- kurang ingat
- kurang ingatan
- kurang jadi
- kurang jantan
- kurang kalori protein
- kurang lebih
- kurang perhatian
- kurang periksa
- kurang pikir
- kurang pikiran
- kurang sesen
- kurang tenaga
- kurang terima
- kurang waras
Further reading
- “kurang”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Javanese
Etymology
Inherited from Old Javanese kuraṅ. Compare Malay kurang.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ku.raŋ/
- Rhymes: -raŋ
- Hyphenation: ku‧rang
Adjective
kurang (Carakan spelling ꦏꦸꦫꦁ) (ngoko)
- inadequate; insufficient
- Synonym: kirang (krama)
Adverb
kurang (Carakan spelling ꦏꦸꦫꦁ) (ngoko)
Malay
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Malayic *kuraŋ.[1] Compare Javanese kurang, Minangkabau kurang.
Pronunciation
- (Baku, schwa-variety) IPA(key): /ˈkuraŋ/ [ˈku.raŋ]
- Rhymes: -aŋ
- Hyphenation: ku‧rang
Adjective
kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ, comparative lebih kurang, superlative paling kurang)
- less; fewer; not enough.
- Uang ini terlalu kurang untuk membeli rumah.
- This money is far too little to buy a house.
- inadequate; insufficient.
- Makanan yang diberikan kurang berkhasiat.
- The food provided is not nutritious enough.
Adverb
kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ)
- less; to a lesser degree.
- Dia kelihatan kurang sihat hari ini.
- He looks less healthy today.
- not very; somewhat lacking.
- Ceramah itu kurang menarik.
- The lecture was not very interesting.
Verb
kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ)
- to decrease; to diminish; to become less.
- Bekalan air mula kurang kerana kemarau.
- The water supply began to decrease due to drought.
Synonyms
- (few, little): sedikit
- (insufficient): tidak cukup
Antonyms
Derived terms
Affixations
- berkurang (“to decrease; to lessen”)
- berkurangan (“decreasing; lacking”)
- kekurangan (“lack; shortage; deficiency”)
- mengurang (“to decrease; to diminish”)
- mengurangi (“to reduce; to lessen”)
- mengurangkan (“to reduce (quantity)”)
- pengurangan (“reduction”)
- sekurang-kurangnya (“at least”)
Compounds
- kurang ajar (“rude; insolent; impolite”)
- kurang arif (“unfamiliar; not knowledgeable”)
- kurang asam (“rude (euphemism for kurang ajar)”)
- kurang baik (“bad; not good”)
- kurang daya tahan (“low resistance; low endurance”)
- kurang enak (“unpleasant; not tasty”)
- kurang sihat (“unwell; indisposed”)
- kurang sopan (“impolite; indecent”)
- kurang upaya (“disabled; handicapped”)
- setidak-kurangnya (“at least”)
Others
- kureng (“lame; uncool (slang)”)
- OKU (“person with disabilities (acronym of Orang Kurang Upaya)”)
Descendants
References
- ^ Adelaar, K. A. (1992), Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology[1], Canberra: The Australian National University, page 91
Further reading
- "kurang" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
West Makian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈku.raŋ/
Verb
kurang
Conjugation
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| inclusive | exclusive | |||
| 1st person | tikurang | mikurang | akurang | |
| 2nd person | nikurang | fikurang | ||
| 3rd person | inanimate | ikurang | dikurang | |
| animate | makurang | |||
| imperative | —, kurang | —, kurang | ||
References
- Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours[2], Pacific linguistics