kurang

See also: ku·rang

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay kurang, from Proto-Malayic *kuraŋ.

Pronunciation

  • (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkuraŋ/ [ˈku.raŋ]
  • Rhymes: -uraŋ
  • Syllabification: ku‧rang

Adjective

kurang (comparative lebih kurang, superlative paling kurang)

  1. less
    Filmnya kurang bermanfaat.
    The film is less beneficial.
  2. lacking; deficient
    Sayurnya kurang garam.
    The vegetable is lacking salt.

Preposition

kurang

  1. (mathematics) minus
    Antonym: tambah

Noun

kurang (plural kurang-kurang)

  1. (mathematics) minus sign (); minus
    Synonym: tanda kurang

Derived terms

Affixed forms
Compound forms
  • kurang adab
  • kurang adat
  • kurang air
  • kurang ajar
  • kurang akal
  • kurang asam
  • kurang asin
  • kurang bahasa
  • kurang beres
  • kurang darah
  • kurang energi protein
  • kurang gizi
  • kurang hati
  • kurang iman
  • kurang ingat
  • kurang ingatan
  • kurang jadi
  • kurang jantan
  • kurang kalori protein
  • kurang lebih
  • kurang perhatian
  • kurang periksa
  • kurang pikir
  • kurang pikiran
  • kurang sesen
  • kurang tenaga
  • kurang terima
  • kurang waras

Further reading

Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese kuraṅ. Compare Malay kurang.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ku.raŋ/
  • Rhymes: -raŋ
  • Hyphenation: ku‧rang

Adjective

kurang (Carakan spelling ꦏꦸꦫꦁ) (ngoko)

  1. inadequate; insufficient
    Synonym: kirang (krama)

Adverb

kurang (Carakan spelling ꦏꦸꦫꦁ) (ngoko)

  1. less; to a lesser degree
    Synonym: kirang (krama)

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *kuraŋ.[1] Compare Javanese kurang, Minangkabau kurang.

Pronunciation

  • (Baku, schwa-variety) IPA(key): /ˈkuraŋ/ [ˈku.raŋ]
  • Rhymes: -aŋ
  • Hyphenation: ku‧rang

Adjective

kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ, comparative lebih kurang, superlative paling kurang)

  1. less; fewer; not enough.
    Uang ini terlalu kurang untuk membeli rumah.
    This money is far too little to buy a house.
  2. inadequate; insufficient.
    Makanan yang diberikan kurang berkhasiat.
    The food provided is not nutritious enough.

Adverb

kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ)

  1. less; to a lesser degree.
    Dia kelihatan kurang sihat hari ini.
    He looks less healthy today.
  2. not very; somewhat lacking.
    Ceramah itu kurang menarik.
    The lecture was not very interesting.

Verb

kurang (Jawi spelling کورڠ)

  1. to decrease; to diminish; to become less.
    Bekalan air mula kurang kerana kemarau.
    The water supply began to decrease due to drought.

Synonyms

  • (few, little): sedikit
  • (insufficient): tidak cukup

Antonyms

Derived terms

Affixations
Compounds
Others

Descendants

  • > Indonesian: kurang (inherited)
  • Mansaka: kolang
  • Tagalog: kulang
  • West Makian: kurang

References

  1. ^ Adelaar, K. A. (1992), Proto-Malayic: The reconstruction of its phonology and parts of its lexicon and morphology[1], Canberra: The Australian National University, page 91

Further reading

West Makian

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay kurang.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈku.raŋ/

Verb

kurang

  1. (stative) to be less
  2. (stative) to be lacking

Conjugation

Conjugation of kurang (stative verb)
singular plural
inclusive exclusive
1st person tikurang mikurang akurang
2nd person nikurang fikurang
3rd person inanimate ikurang dikurang
animate makurang
imperative —, kurang —, kurang

References

  • Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours[2], Pacific linguistics