Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kulku. Equivalent to kulkea (“to go, travel”) + -u.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkulku/, [ˈkulku]
- Rhymes: -ulku
- Syllabification(key): kul‧ku
- Hyphenation(key): kul‧ku
Noun
kulku
- journey, run, passage, motion, movement
- course, path, trajectory, route
- course, progress, conduct (e.g. of a procedure)
- (geology) strike (compass direction of the line of intersection between a rock layer and the surface of the Earth)
Declension
| Inflection of kulku (Kotus type 1*D/valo, k-∅ gradation)
|
| nominative
|
kulku
|
kulut
|
| genitive
|
kulun
|
kulkujen
|
| partitive
|
kulkua
|
kulkuja
|
| illative
|
kulkuun
|
kulkuihin
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulku
|
kulut
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulku
|
kulut
|
| gen.
|
kulun
|
| genitive
|
kulun
|
kulkujen
|
| partitive
|
kulkua
|
kulkuja
|
| inessive
|
kulussa
|
kuluissa
|
| elative
|
kulusta
|
kuluista
|
| illative
|
kulkuun
|
kulkuihin
|
| adessive
|
kululla
|
kuluilla
|
| ablative
|
kululta
|
kuluilta
|
| allative
|
kululle
|
kuluille
|
| essive
|
kulkuna
|
kulkuina
|
| translative
|
kuluksi
|
kuluiksi
|
| abessive
|
kulutta
|
kuluitta
|
| instructive
|
—
|
kuluin
|
| comitative
|
See the possessive forms below.
|
| first-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulkuni
|
kulkuni
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulkuni
|
kulkuni
|
| gen.
|
kulkuni
|
| genitive
|
kulkuni
|
kulkujeni
|
| partitive
|
kulkuani
|
kulkujani
|
| inessive
|
kulussani
|
kuluissani
|
| elative
|
kulustani
|
kuluistani
|
| illative
|
kulkuuni
|
kulkuihini
|
| adessive
|
kulullani
|
kuluillani
|
| ablative
|
kulultani
|
kuluiltani
|
| allative
|
kululleni
|
kuluilleni
|
| essive
|
kulkunani
|
kulkuinani
|
| translative
|
kulukseni
|
kuluikseni
|
| abessive
|
kuluttani
|
kuluittani
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
kulkuineni
|
| second-person singular possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulkusi
|
kulkusi
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulkusi
|
kulkusi
|
| gen.
|
kulkusi
|
| genitive
|
kulkusi
|
kulkujesi
|
| partitive
|
kulkuasi
|
kulkujasi
|
| inessive
|
kulussasi
|
kuluissasi
|
| elative
|
kulustasi
|
kuluistasi
|
| illative
|
kulkuusi
|
kulkuihisi
|
| adessive
|
kulullasi
|
kuluillasi
|
| ablative
|
kulultasi
|
kuluiltasi
|
| allative
|
kulullesi
|
kuluillesi
|
| essive
|
kulkunasi
|
kulkuinasi
|
| translative
|
kuluksesi
|
kuluiksesi
|
| abessive
|
kuluttasi
|
kuluittasi
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
kulkuinesi
|
| first-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulkumme
|
kulkumme
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulkumme
|
kulkumme
|
| gen.
|
kulkumme
|
| genitive
|
kulkumme
|
kulkujemme
|
| partitive
|
kulkuamme
|
kulkujamme
|
| inessive
|
kulussamme
|
kuluissamme
|
| elative
|
kulustamme
|
kuluistamme
|
| illative
|
kulkuumme
|
kulkuihimme
|
| adessive
|
kulullamme
|
kuluillamme
|
| ablative
|
kulultamme
|
kuluiltamme
|
| allative
|
kulullemme
|
kuluillemme
|
| essive
|
kulkunamme
|
kulkuinamme
|
| translative
|
kuluksemme
|
kuluiksemme
|
| abessive
|
kuluttamme
|
kuluittamme
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
kulkuinemme
|
| second-person plural possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulkunne
|
kulkunne
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulkunne
|
kulkunne
|
| gen.
|
kulkunne
|
| genitive
|
kulkunne
|
kulkujenne
|
| partitive
|
kulkuanne
|
kulkujanne
|
| inessive
|
kulussanne
|
kuluissanne
|
| elative
|
kulustanne
|
kuluistanne
|
| illative
|
kulkuunne
|
kulkuihinne
|
| adessive
|
kulullanne
|
kuluillanne
|
| ablative
|
kulultanne
|
kuluiltanne
|
| allative
|
kulullenne
|
kuluillenne
|
| essive
|
kulkunanne
|
kulkuinanne
|
| translative
|
kuluksenne
|
kuluiksenne
|
| abessive
|
kuluttanne
|
kuluittanne
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
kulkuinenne
|
| third-person possessor
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulkunsa
|
kulkunsa
|
| accusative
|
nom.
|
kulkunsa
|
kulkunsa
|
| gen.
|
kulkunsa
|
| genitive
|
kulkunsa
|
kulkujensa
|
| partitive
|
kulkuaan
kulkuansa
|
kulkujaan
kulkujansa
|
| inessive
|
kulussaan
kulussansa
|
kuluissaan
kuluissansa
|
| elative
|
kulustaan
kulustansa
|
kuluistaan
kuluistansa
|
| illative
|
kulkuunsa
|
kulkuihinsa
|
| adessive
|
kulullaan
kulullansa
|
kuluillaan
kuluillansa
|
| ablative
|
kulultaan
kulultansa
|
kuluiltaan
kuluiltansa
|
| allative
|
kululleen
kulullensa
|
kuluilleen
kuluillensa
|
| essive
|
kulkunaan
kulkunansa
|
kulkuinaan
kulkuinansa
|
| translative
|
kulukseen
kuluksensa
|
kuluikseen
kuluiksensa
|
| abessive
|
kuluttaan
kuluttansa
|
kuluittaan
kuluittansa
|
| instructive
|
—
|
—
|
| comitative
|
— |
kulkuineen
kulkuinensa
|
|
Derived terms
Further reading
Karelian
Regional variants of kulku
North Karelian
(Viena)
|
kulkku
|
South Karelian
(Tver)
|
kulku
|
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kurkku. Cognates include Finnish kurkku and Veps kurk.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkulku/
- Hyphenation: kul‧ku
Noun
kulku (genitive kulkun, partitive kulkuo)
- (South Karelian) throat
- (South Karelian) synonym of kulkulagi (“palate”)
Declension
| Tver Karelian declension of kulku (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
|
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
kulku
|
kulkut
|
| genitive
|
kulkun
|
kulkuloin
|
| partitive
|
kulkuo
|
kulkuloida
|
| illative
|
kulkuh
|
kulkuloih
|
| inessive
|
kulkušša
|
kulkuloissa
|
| elative
|
kulkušta
|
kulkuloista
|
| adessive
|
kulkulla
|
kulkuloilla
|
| ablative
|
kulkulda
|
kulkuloilda
|
| translative
|
kulkukši
|
kulkuloiksi
|
| essive
|
kulkuna
|
kulkuloina
|
| comitative
|
kulkunke
|
kulkuloinke
|
| abessive
|
kulkutta
|
kulkuloitta
|
| prolative
|
kulkučč
|
kulkuloičči
|
| instructive
|
—
|
kulkuloin
|
| Possessive forms of kulku
|
| 1st person
|
kulkuni
|
| 2nd person
|
kulkuš
|
| 3rd person
|
kulkuh
|
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.
|
Derived terms
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994), “kulku”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- Pertti Virtaranta; Raija Koponen (2009), “kulkku”, in Marja Torikka, editor, Karjalan kielen sanakirja[2], Helsinki: Kotus, →ISSN