Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkɑrɑi̯stɑˣ/, [ˈkɑ̝rɑ̝i̯s̠tɑ̝(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ɑrɑistɑ
- Syllabification(key): ka‧rais‧ta
- Hyphenation(key): ka‧rais‧ta
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *kargaictak.
Verb
karaista
- (transitive) to harden, to toughen up (character, personality, etc.)
- (proscribed) synonym of karkaista
Conjugation
| Inflection of karaista (Kotus type 66/rohkaista, no gradation)
|
| indicative mood
|
| present tense
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisen
|
en karaise
|
1st sing.
|
olen karaissut
|
en ole karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaiset
|
et karaise
|
2nd sing.
|
olet karaissut
|
et ole karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisee
|
ei karaise
|
3rd sing.
|
on karaissut
|
ei ole karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisemme
|
emme karaise
|
1st plur.
|
olemme karaisseet
|
emme ole karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisette
|
ette karaise
|
2nd plur.
|
olette karaisseet
|
ette ole karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisevat
|
eivät karaise
|
3rd plur.
|
ovat karaisseet
|
eivät ole karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaan
|
ei karaista
|
passive
|
on karaistu
|
ei ole karaistu
|
| past tense
|
pluperfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisin
|
en karaissut
|
1st sing.
|
olin karaissut
|
en ollut karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisit
|
et karaissut
|
2nd sing.
|
olit karaissut
|
et ollut karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisi
|
ei karaissut
|
3rd sing.
|
oli karaissut
|
ei ollut karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisimme
|
emme karaisseet
|
1st plur.
|
olimme karaisseet
|
emme olleet karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisitte
|
ette karaisseet
|
2nd plur.
|
olitte karaisseet
|
ette olleet karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisivat
|
eivät karaisseet
|
3rd plur.
|
olivat karaisseet
|
eivät olleet karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistiin
|
ei karaistu
|
passive
|
oli karaistu
|
ei ollut karaistu
|
| conditional mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisisin
|
en karaisisi
|
1st sing.
|
olisin karaissut
|
en olisi karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisisit
|
et karaisisi
|
2nd sing.
|
olisit karaissut
|
et olisi karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisisi
|
ei karaisisi
|
3rd sing.
|
olisi karaissut
|
ei olisi karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisisimme
|
emme karaisisi
|
1st plur.
|
olisimme karaisseet
|
emme olisi karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisisitte
|
ette karaisisi
|
2nd plur.
|
olisitte karaisseet
|
ette olisi karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisisivat
|
eivät karaisisi
|
3rd plur.
|
olisivat karaisseet
|
eivät olisi karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaisiin
|
ei karaistaisi
|
passive
|
olisi karaistu
|
ei olisi karaistu
|
| imperative mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaise
|
älä karaise
|
2nd sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaiskoon
|
älköön karaisko
|
3rd sing.
|
olkoon karaissut
|
älköön olko karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaiskaamme
|
älkäämme karaisko
|
1st plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaiskaa
|
älkää karaisko
|
2nd plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaiskoot
|
älkööt karaisko
|
3rd plur.
|
olkoot karaisseet
|
älkööt olko karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistakoon
|
älköön karaistako
|
passive
|
olkoon karaistu
|
älköön olko karaistu
|
| potential mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaissen
|
en karaisse
|
1st sing.
|
lienen karaissut
|
en liene karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisset
|
et karaisse
|
2nd sing.
|
lienet karaissut
|
et liene karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaissee
|
ei karaisse
|
3rd sing.
|
lienee karaissut
|
ei liene karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaissemme
|
emme karaisse
|
1st plur.
|
lienemme karaisseet
|
emme liene karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaissette
|
ette karaisse
|
2nd plur.
|
lienette karaisseet
|
ette liene karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaissevat
|
eivät karaisse
|
3rd plur.
|
lienevät karaisseet
|
eivät liene karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaneen
|
ei karaistane
|
passive
|
lienee karaistu
|
ei liene karaistu
|
| Nominal forms
|
| infinitives
|
participles
|
|
|
active
|
passive
|
|
active
|
passive
|
| 1st
|
karaista
|
present
|
karaiseva
|
karaistava
|
| long 1st1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaistakseni
|
karaistaksemme
|
| 2nd
|
karaistaksesi
|
karaistaksenne
|
| 3rd
|
karaistakseen
karaistaksensa
|
|
past
|
karaissut
|
karaistu
|
| 2nd
|
inessive2
|
karaistessa
|
karaistaessa
|
agent4
|
karaisema
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaistessani
|
karaistessamme
|
| 2nd
|
karaistessasi
|
karaistessanne
|
| 3rd
|
karaistessaan
karaistessansa
|
|
negative
|
karaisematon
|
| instructive
|
karaisten
|
—
|
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
|
| 3rd
|
inessive
|
karaisemassa
|
—
|
| elative
|
karaisemasta
|
—
|
| illative
|
karaisemaan
|
—
|
| adessive
|
karaisemalla
|
—
|
| abessive
|
karaisematta
|
—
|
| instructive
|
karaiseman
|
karaistaman
|
| 4th3
|
verbal noun
|
karaiseminen
|
| 5th1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaisemaisillani
|
karaisemaisillamme
|
| 2nd
|
karaisemaisillasi
|
karaisemaisillanne
|
| 3rd
|
karaisemaisillaan
karaisemaisillansa
|
|
Derived terms
Further reading
Etymology 2
karista + -aista
Verb
karaista
- (transitive) to make a brief rustling noise
- karaista kurkkuaan ― to clear one's throat
Conjugation
| Inflection of karaista (Kotus type 66/rohkaista, no gradation)
|
| indicative mood
|
| present tense
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisen
|
en karaise
|
1st sing.
|
olen karaissut
|
en ole karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaiset
|
et karaise
|
2nd sing.
|
olet karaissut
|
et ole karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisee
|
ei karaise
|
3rd sing.
|
on karaissut
|
ei ole karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisemme
|
emme karaise
|
1st plur.
|
olemme karaisseet
|
emme ole karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisette
|
ette karaise
|
2nd plur.
|
olette karaisseet
|
ette ole karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisevat
|
eivät karaise
|
3rd plur.
|
ovat karaisseet
|
eivät ole karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaan
|
ei karaista
|
passive
|
on karaistu
|
ei ole karaistu
|
| past tense
|
pluperfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisin
|
en karaissut
|
1st sing.
|
olin karaissut
|
en ollut karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisit
|
et karaissut
|
2nd sing.
|
olit karaissut
|
et ollut karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisi
|
ei karaissut
|
3rd sing.
|
oli karaissut
|
ei ollut karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisimme
|
emme karaisseet
|
1st plur.
|
olimme karaisseet
|
emme olleet karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisitte
|
ette karaisseet
|
2nd plur.
|
olitte karaisseet
|
ette olleet karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisivat
|
eivät karaisseet
|
3rd plur.
|
olivat karaisseet
|
eivät olleet karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistiin
|
ei karaistu
|
passive
|
oli karaistu
|
ei ollut karaistu
|
| conditional mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaisisin
|
en karaisisi
|
1st sing.
|
olisin karaissut
|
en olisi karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisisit
|
et karaisisi
|
2nd sing.
|
olisit karaissut
|
et olisi karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaisisi
|
ei karaisisi
|
3rd sing.
|
olisi karaissut
|
ei olisi karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaisisimme
|
emme karaisisi
|
1st plur.
|
olisimme karaisseet
|
emme olisi karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaisisitte
|
ette karaisisi
|
2nd plur.
|
olisitte karaisseet
|
ette olisi karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaisisivat
|
eivät karaisisi
|
3rd plur.
|
olisivat karaisseet
|
eivät olisi karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaisiin
|
ei karaistaisi
|
passive
|
olisi karaistu
|
ei olisi karaistu
|
| imperative mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
1st sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaise
|
älä karaise
|
2nd sing.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaiskoon
|
älköön karaisko
|
3rd sing.
|
olkoon karaissut
|
älköön olko karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaiskaamme
|
älkäämme karaisko
|
1st plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaiskaa
|
älkää karaisko
|
2nd plur.
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaiskoot
|
älkööt karaisko
|
3rd plur.
|
olkoot karaisseet
|
älkööt olko karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistakoon
|
älköön karaistako
|
passive
|
olkoon karaistu
|
älköön olko karaistu
|
| potential mood
|
| present
|
perfect
|
| 1st sing.
|
karaissen
|
en karaisse
|
1st sing.
|
lienen karaissut
|
en liene karaissut
|
| 2nd sing.
|
karaisset
|
et karaisse
|
2nd sing.
|
lienet karaissut
|
et liene karaissut
|
| 3rd sing.
|
karaissee
|
ei karaisse
|
3rd sing.
|
lienee karaissut
|
ei liene karaissut
|
| 1st plur.
|
karaissemme
|
emme karaisse
|
1st plur.
|
lienemme karaisseet
|
emme liene karaisseet
|
| 2nd plur.
|
karaissette
|
ette karaisse
|
2nd plur.
|
lienette karaisseet
|
ette liene karaisseet
|
| 3rd plur.
|
karaissevat
|
eivät karaisse
|
3rd plur.
|
lienevät karaisseet
|
eivät liene karaisseet
|
| passive
|
karaistaneen
|
ei karaistane
|
passive
|
lienee karaistu
|
ei liene karaistu
|
| Nominal forms
|
| infinitives
|
participles
|
|
|
active
|
passive
|
|
active
|
passive
|
| 1st
|
karaista
|
present
|
karaiseva
|
karaistava
|
| long 1st1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaistakseni
|
karaistaksemme
|
| 2nd
|
karaistaksesi
|
karaistaksenne
|
| 3rd
|
karaistakseen
karaistaksensa
|
|
past
|
karaissut
|
karaistu
|
| 2nd
|
inessive2
|
karaistessa
|
karaistaessa
|
agent4
|
karaisema
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaistessani
|
karaistessamme
|
| 2nd
|
karaistessasi
|
karaistessanne
|
| 3rd
|
karaistessaan
karaistessansa
|
|
negative
|
karaisematon
|
| instructive
|
karaisten
|
—
|
1) Used only with a possessive suffix.
2) Usually with a possessive suffix (active only).
3) Some uses of the verbal noun are called the 'fourth infinitive' by certain sources (more details).
4) Usually with a possessive suffix. May not be used with all verbs, especially intransitive ones (more details). Distinct from nouns with the -ma suffix and third infinitive forms.
|
| 3rd
|
inessive
|
karaisemassa
|
—
|
| elative
|
karaisemasta
|
—
|
| illative
|
karaisemaan
|
—
|
| adessive
|
karaisemalla
|
—
|
| abessive
|
karaisematta
|
—
|
| instructive
|
karaiseman
|
karaistaman
|
| 4th3
|
verbal noun
|
karaiseminen
|
| 5th1
|
| Person
|
sing.
|
plur.
|
| 1st
|
karaisemaisillani
|
karaisemaisillamme
|
| 2nd
|
karaisemaisillasi
|
karaisemaisillanne
|
| 3rd
|
karaisemaisillaan
karaisemaisillansa
|
|
Further reading
Anagrams