kaļ

See also: kal, kál, kål, ką̊l, kał, and -kál

Latvian

Verb

kaļ

  1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of kalt
  2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of kalt
  3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of kalt

Livonian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkɑʎ/, [ˈkɑʎː]

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Finnic *kalju.

    Noun

    kaļ

    1. roller (one of a set of round logs used to help move a boat, etc. by rolling it over the logs)
    Declension
    Declension of kaļ (104)
    singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
    nominative (nominatīv) kaļ kǭļõd
    genitive (genitīv) kaļ kǭļõd
    partitive (partitīv) kaļļõ kǭļidi
    dative (datīv) kaļļõn kǭļõdõn
    instrumental (instrumentāl) kaļļõks kǭļõdõks
    illative (illatīv) kaļļõ kǭļiž
    inessive (inesīv) kaļšõ kǭļis
    elative (elatīv) kaļštõ kǭļist
    Descendants
    • Latvian: kaļa

    Etymology 2

      From Proto-Finnic *kalja.

      Noun

      kaļ

      1. kvass
      Declension
      Declension of kaļ (104)
      singular (ikšlu’g) plural (pǟgiņlu’g)
      nominative (nominatīv) kaļ kǭļõd
      genitive (genitīv) kaļ kǭļõd
      partitive (partitīv) kaļļõ kǭļidi
      dative (datīv) kaļļõn kǭļõdõn
      instrumental (instrumentāl) kaļļõks kǭļõdõks
      illative (illatīv) kaļļõ kǭļiž
      inessive (inesīv) kaļšõ kǭļis
      elative (elatīv) kaļštõ kǭļist

      References

      • Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “kaļ”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎[1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra