jardun

Basque

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): (Navarro-Lapurdian) /ɟardun/ [ɟar.ð̞ũn]
 
  • IPA(key): (Gipuzkoan) /xardun/ [xar.ð̞ũn]
  • IPA(key): (Biscayan) /d͡ʒardun/ [d͡ʒar.ð̞ũn]
  • IPA(key): (Navarrese) /jardun/ [jar.ð̞ũn]

  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ardun, -un
  • Hyphenation: jar‧dun

Verb

jardun da/du (imperfect participle jarduten, future participle jardungo or jardunen, short form jardun, verbal noun jardute)

  1. to be busy doing something
  2. to talk, to chat

Conjugation

Conjugation of jardun (NOR-NORK paradigm)
Mood / Tense NORK (ergative) NOR (absolutive)
1st sg 2nd sg fam. 3rd sg 1st pl 2nd sg 2nd pl 3rd pl
nik hik hark guk zuk zuek haiek
Indicative Indicative
Present ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― hi 2nd sg fam.
Present dihardut diharduk/n dihardu dihardugu diharduzu diharduzue dihardute hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zu 2nd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zuek 2nd pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Past ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― hi 2nd sg fam.
Past niharduen hiharduen ziharduen geniharduen zeniharduen zeniharduten ziharduten hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zu 2nd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zuek 2nd pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Conditional ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― hi 2nd sg fam.
Conditional banihardu bahihardu balihardu bagenihardu bazenihardu bazenihardute balihardute hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zu 2nd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zuek 2nd pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Hypothetic cons. ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― hi 2nd sg fam.
Hypothetic cons. niharduke hiharduke liharduke geniharduke zeniharduke zenihardukete lihardukete hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zu 2nd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zuek 2nd pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Past cons.
―
Potential Potential
Present
―
Hypothetic
―
Past
―
Subjunctive Subjunctive
Present
―
Past
―
Imperative Imperative
Present ― ― ― ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― hi 2nd sg fam.
Present ― iharduk/n bihardu ― iharduzu iharduzue bihardute hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zu 2nd sg
― ― ― ― ― ― ― zuek 2nd pl
― ― ― ― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Conjugation of jardun (NOR-NORK allocutive paradigm)
Mood / Tense NORK (ergative) NOR (absolutive)
1st sg 3rd sg 1st pl 3rd pl
nik hark guk haiek
Indicative Indicative
Present ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
Present ziharduat/nat ziharduk/n ziharduagu/nagu zihardutek/n hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Past ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
Past niharduan/nan ziharduan/nan geniharduan/nan zihardutean/nan hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Hypothetic cons. ― ― ― ― ni 1st sg
Hypothetic cons. nihardukek/n lihardukek/n genihardukek/n liharduketek/n hura 3rd sg
― ― ― ― gu 1st pl
― ― ― ― haiek 3rd pl
Past cons.
―
Potential Potential
Present
―

Further reading

  • “jardun”, in Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia [Dictionary of the Basque Academy] (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia [Royal Academy of the Basque Language]
  • “jardun”, in Orotariko Euskal Hiztegia [General Basque Dictionary], Euskaltzaindia, 1987–2005
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