hurruka

Tooro

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /hurúka/

Verb

-hurruka (infinitive okuhurruka) (intransitive)

  1. to fly
    • 2008, Ekitabu Ekirukwera N'Ebitabu Ebyeetwa Deturokanoniko/Apokurifa [Bible in Runyoro/Rutooro Interconfessional Translation], Bible Society of Uganda, Siraki 11:3:
      Omu bihangwa ebinyakuhurruka, orujoki, nuko kantu akatoito, baitu ekinyakururugamu, omu bintu byona ebinura, nikyo kibikirra kimu.
      The bee is small among flying creatures, but what it produces is the origin of sweet things.

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hurruka
infinitives
affirmative okuhurruka
negative okutahurruka
imperatives
affirmative hurruka
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -hurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person mpurruka tuhurruka
second person ohurruka muhurruka
third person 1/2 ahurruka bahurruka
3/4 guhurruka ehurruka
5/6 lihurruka gahurruka
7/8 kihurruka bihurruka
9/10 ehurruka zihurruka
11/10 ruhurruka
12/14 kahurruka buhurruka
13 — tuhurruka
14/6 buhurruka gahurruka
15/6 kuhurruka
16 hahurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person timpurruka tituhurruka
second person tohurruka timuhurruka
third person 1/2 tahurruka tibahurruka
3/4 tiguhurruka tehurruka
5/6 tirihurruka tigahurruka
7/8 tikihurruka tibihurruka
9/10 tehurruka tizihurruka
11/10 tiruhurruka
12/14 tikahurruka tibuhurruka
13 — tituhurruka
14/6 tibuhurruka tigahurruka
15/6 tikuhurruka
16 tihahurruka —
subject concord + -tahurruka
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -hurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person nimpurruka nituhurruka
second person noohurruka nimuhurruka
third person 1/2 naahurruka nibahurruka
3/4 niguhurruka neehurruka
5/6 nirihurruka nigahurruka
7/8 nikihurruka nibihurruka
9/10 neehurruka nizihurruka
11/10 niruhurruka
12/14 nikahurruka nibuhurruka
13 — nituhurruka
14/6 nibuhurruka nigahurruka
15/6 nikuhurruka
16 nihahurruka —
subject concord + -rukuhurruka
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukuhurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukuhurruka titurukuhurruka
second person torukuhurruka timurukuhurruka
third person 1/2 tarukuhurruka tibarukuhurruka
3/4 tigurukuhurruka terukuhurruka
5/6 tirirukuhurruka tigarukuhurruka
7/8 tikirukuhurruka tibirukuhurruka
9/10 terukuhurruka tizirukuhurruka
11/10 tirurukuhurruka
12/14 tikarukuhurruka tiburukuhurruka
13 — titurukuhurruka
14/6 tiburukuhurruka tigarukuhurruka
15/6 tikurukuhurruka
16 tiharukuhurruka —
subject concord + -tarukuhurruka
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyahurruka nitukyahurruka
second person nookyahurruka nimukyahurruka
third person 1/2 naakyahurruka nibakyahurruka
3/4 nigukyahurruka neekyahurruka
5/6 nirikyahurruka nigakyahurruka
7/8 nikikyahurruka nibikyahurruka
9/10 neekyahurruka nizikyahurruka
11/10 nirukyahurruka
12/14 nikakyahurruka nibukyahurruka
13 — nitukyahurruka
14/6 nibukyahurruka nigakyahurruka
15/6 nikukyahurruka
16 nihakyahurruka —
subject concord + -rukukyahurruka
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyahurruka titukyahurruka
second person tokyahurruka timukyahurruka
third person 1/2 takyahurruka tibakyahurruka
3/4 tigukyahurruka tekyahurruka
5/6 tirikyahurruka tigakyahurruka
7/8 tikikyahurruka tibikyahurruka
9/10 tekyahurruka tizikyahurruka
11/10 tirukyahurruka
12/14 tikakyahurruka tibukyahurruka
13 — titukyahurruka
14/6 tibukyahurruka tigakyahurruka
15/6 tikukyahurruka
16 tihakyahurruka —
subject concord + -takyahurruka
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -ahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person nahurruka twahurruka
second person wahurruka mwahurruka
third person 1/2 yahurruka baahurruka
3/4 gwahurruka yahurruka
5/6 lyahurruka gaahurruka
7/8 kyahurruka byahurruka
9/10 yahurruka zaahurruka
11/10 rwahurruka
12/14 kaahurruka bwahurruka
13 — twahurruka
14/6 bwahurruka gaahurruka
15/6 kwahurruka
16 haahurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahurruka titwahurruka
second person tiwahurruka timwahurruka
third person 1/2 tiyahurruka tibaahurruka
3/4 tigwahurruka tiyahurruka
5/6 tiryahurruka tigaahurruka
7/8 tikyahurruka tibyahurruka
9/10 tiyahurruka tizaahurruka
11/10 tirwahurruka
12/14 tikaahurruka tibwahurruka
13 — titwahurruka
14/6 tibwahurruka tigaahurruka
15/6 tikwahurruka
16 tihaahurruka —
subject concord + -taahurruka
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -hurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person mpurrukire tuhurrukire
second person ohurrukire muhurrukire
third person 1/2 ahurrukire bahurrukire
3/4 guhurrukire ehurrukire
5/6 lihurrukire gahurrukire
7/8 kihurrukire bihurrukire
9/10 ehurrukire zihurrukire
11/10 ruhurrukire
12/14 kahurrukire buhurrukire
13 — tuhurrukire
14/6 buhurrukire gahurrukire
15/6 kuhurrukire
16 hahurrukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person timpurrukire tituhurrukire
second person tohurrukire timuhurrukire
third person 1/2 tahurrukire tibahurrukire
3/4 tiguhurrukire tehurrukire
5/6 tirihurrukire tigahurrukire
7/8 tikihurrukire tibihurrukire
9/10 tehurrukire tizihurrukire
11/10 tiruhurrukire
12/14 tikahurrukire tibuhurrukire
13 — tituhurrukire
14/6 tibuhurrukire tigahurrukire
15/6 tikuhurrukire
16 tihahurrukire —
subject concord + -tahurrukire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person nakahurruka twakahurruka
second person wakahurruka mwakahurruka
third person 1/2 yakahurruka baakahurruka
3/4 gwakahurruka yakahurruka
5/6 lyakahurruka gaakahurruka
7/8 kyakahurruka byakahurruka
9/10 yakahurruka zaakahurruka
11/10 rwakahurruka
12/14 kaakahurruka bwakahurruka
13 — twakahurruka
14/6 bwakahurruka gaakahurruka
15/6 kwakahurruka
16 haakahurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahurrukire titukahurrukire
second person tokahurrukire timukahurrukire
third person 1/2 takahurrukire tibakahurrukire
3/4 tigukahurrukire tekahurrukire
5/6 tirikahurrukire tigakahurrukire
7/8 tikikahurrukire tibikahurrukire
9/10 tekahurrukire tizikahurrukire
11/10 tirukahurrukire
12/14 tikakahurrukire tibukahurrukire
13 — titukahurrukire
14/6 tibukahurrukire tigakahurrukire
15/6 tikukahurrukire
16 tihakahurrukire —
subject concord + -takahurrukire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -hurrukirege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpurrukirege tuhurrukirege
second person ohurrukirege muhurrukirege
third person 1/2 ahurrukirege bahurrukirege
3/4 guhurrukirege ehurrukirege
5/6 lihurrukirege gahurrukirege
7/8 kihurrukirege bihurrukirege
9/10 ehurrukirege zihurrukirege
11/10 ruhurrukirege
12/14 kahurrukirege buhurrukirege
13 — tuhurrukirege
14/6 buhurrukirege gahurrukirege
15/6 kuhurrukirege
16 hahurrukirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -hurrukirege
person noun class singular plural
first person timpurrukirege tituhurrukirege
second person tohurrukirege timuhurrukirege
third person 1/2 tahurrukirege tibahurrukirege
3/4 tiguhurrukirege tehurrukirege
5/6 tirihurrukirege tigahurrukirege
7/8 tikihurrukirege tibihurrukirege
9/10 tehurrukirege tizihurrukirege
11/10 tiruhurrukirege
12/14 tikahurrukirege tibuhurrukirege
13 — tituhurrukirege
14/6 tibuhurrukirege tigahurrukirege
15/6 tikuhurrukirege
16 tihahurrukirege —
subject concord + -tahurrukirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -kahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person nkahurruka tukahurruka
second person okahurruka mukahurruka
third person 1/2 akahurruka bakahurruka
3/4 gukahurruka ekahurruka
5/6 likahurruka gakahurruka
7/8 kikahurruka bikahurruka
9/10 ekahurruka zikahurruka
11/10 rukahurruka
12/14 kakahurruka bukahurruka
13 — tukahurruka
14/6 bukahurruka gakahurruka
15/6 kukahurruka
16 hakahurruka —
subject concord + -ahurrukire
negative
subject concord + -tahurruke
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahurruke tutahurruke
second person otahurruke mutahurruke
third person 1/2 atahurruke batahurruke
3/4 gutahurruke etahurruke
5/6 litahurruke gatahurruke
7/8 kitahurruke bitahurruke
9/10 etahurruke ziitahurruke
11/10 rutahurruke
12/14 katahurruke butahurruke
13 — tutahurruke
14/6 butahurruke gatahurruke
15/6 kutahurruke
16 hatahurruke —
subject concord + -tarahurrukire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -rahurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndahurrukire turahurrukire
second person orahurrukire murahurrukire
third person 1/2 arahurrukire barahurrukire
3/4 gurahurrukire erahurrukire
5/6 lirahurrukire garahurrukire
7/8 kirahurrukire birahurrukire
9/10 erahurrukire zirahurrukire
11/10 rurahurrukire
12/14 karahurrukire burahurrukire
13 — turahurrukire
14/6 burahurrukire garahurrukire
15/6 kurahurrukire
16 harahurrukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kahurrukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkahurrukaga titukahurrukaga
second person tokahurrukaga timukahurrukaga
third person 1/2 takahurrukaga tibakahurrukaga
3/4 tigukahurrukaga tekahurrukaga
5/6 tirikahurrukaga tigakahurrukaga
7/8 tikikahurrukaga tibikahurrukaga
9/10 tekahurrukaga tizikahurrukaga
11/10 tirukahurrukaga
12/14 tikakahurrukaga tibukahurrukaga
13 — titukahurrukaga
14/6 tibukahurrukaga tigakahurrukaga
15/6 tikukahurrukaga
16 tihakahurrukaga —
subject concord + -takahurrukaga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aahurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person naahurrukire twahurrukire
second person waahurrukire mwahurrukire
third person 1/2 yaahurrukire baahurrukire
3/4 gwahurrukire yaahurrukire
5/6 lyahurrukire gaahurrukire
7/8 kyahurrukire byahurrukire
9/10 yaahurrukire zaahurrukire
11/10 rwahurrukire
12/14 kaahurrukire bwahurrukire
13 — twahurrukire
14/6 bwahurrukire gaahurrukire
15/6 kwahurrukire
16 haahurrukire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -ahurrukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person nahurrukaga twahurrukaga
second person wahurrukaga mwahurrukaga
third person 1/2 yahurrukaga baahurrukaga
3/4 gwahurrukaga yahurrukaga
5/6 lyahurrukaga gaahurrukaga
7/8 kyahurrukaga byahurrukaga
9/10 yahurrukaga zaahurrukaga
11/10 rwahurrukaga
12/14 kaahurrukaga bwahurrukaga
13 — twahurrukaga
14/6 bwahurrukaga gaahurrukaga
15/6 kwahurrukaga
16 haahurrukaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ahurrukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinahurrukaga titwahurrukaga
second person tiwahurrukaga timwahurrukaga
third person 1/2 tiyahurrukaga tibaahurrukaga
3/4 tigwahurrukaga tiyahurrukaga
5/6 tiryahurrukaga tigaahurrukaga
7/8 tikyahurrukaga tibyahurrukaga
9/10 tiyahurrukaga tizaahurrukaga
11/10 tirwahurrukaga
12/14 tikaahurrukaga tibwahurrukaga
13 — titwahurrukaga
14/6 tibwahurrukaga tigaahurrukaga
15/6 tikwahurrukaga
16 tihaahurrukaga —
subject concord + -taahurrukaga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahurruka turaahurruka
second person oraahurruka muraahurruka
third person 1/2 araahurruka baraahurruka
3/4 guraahurruka eraahurruka
5/6 liraahurruka garaahurruka
7/8 kiraahurruka biraahurruka
9/10 eraahurruka ziraahurruka
11/10 ruraahurruka
12/14 karaahurruka buraahurruka
13 — turaahurruka
14/6 buraahurruka garaahurruka
15/6 kuraahurruka
16 haraahurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahurruke
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahurruke titwahurruke
second person tiwaahurruke timwahurruke
third person 1/2 tiyaahurruke tibaahurruke
3/4 tigwahurruke tiyaahurruke
5/6 tiryahurruke tigaahurruke
7/8 tikyahurruke tibyahurruke
9/10 tiyaahurruke tizaahurruke
11/10 tirwahurruke
12/14 tikaahurruke tibwahurruke
13 — titwahurruke
14/6 tibwahurruke tigaahurruke
15/6 tikwahurruke
16 tihaahurruke —
subject concord + -taahurruke
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -lihurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person ndihurruka tulihurruka
second person olihurruka mulihurruka
third person 1/2 alihurruka balihurruka
3/4 gulihurruka erihurruka
5/6 lirihurruka galihurruka
7/8 kirihurruka birihurruka
9/10 erihurruka zirihurruka
11/10 rulihurruka
12/14 kalihurruka bulihurruka
13 — tulihurruka
14/6 bulihurruka galihurruka
15/6 kulihurruka
16 halihurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -lihurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person tindihurruka titulihurruka
second person tolihurruka timulihurruka
third person 1/2 talihurruka tibalihurruka
3/4 tigulihurruka terihurruka
5/6 tiririhurruka tigalihurruka
7/8 tikirihurruka tibirihurruka
9/10 terihurruka tizirihurruka
11/10 tirulihurruka
12/14 tikalihurruka tibulihurruka
13 — titulihurruka
14/6 tibulihurruka tigalihurruka
15/6 tikulihurruka
16 tihalihurruka —
subject concord + -talihurruka
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raahurrukaga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaahurrukaga turaahurrukaga
second person oraahurrukaga muraahurrukaga
third person 1/2 araahurrukaga baraahurrukaga
3/4 guraahurrukaga eraahurrukaga
5/6 liraahurrukaga garaahurrukaga
7/8 kiraahurrukaga biraahurrukaga
9/10 eraahurrukaga ziraahurrukaga
11/10 ruraahurrukaga
12/14 karaahurrukaga buraahurrukaga
13 — turaahurrukaga
14/6 buraahurrukaga garaahurrukaga
15/6 kuraahurrukaga
16 haraahurrukaga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aahurrukege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaahurrukege titwahurrukege
second person tiwaahurrukege timwahurrukege
third person 1/2 tiyaahurrukege tibaahurrukege
3/4 tigwahurrukege tiyaahurrukege
5/6 tiryahurrukege tigaahurrukege
7/8 tikyahurrukege tibyahurrukege
9/10 tiyaahurrukege tizaahurrukege
11/10 tirwahurrukege
12/14 tikaahurrukege tibwahurrukege
13 — titwahurrukege
14/6 tibwahurrukege tigaahurrukege
15/6 tikwahurrukege
16 tihaahurrukege —
subject concord + -taahurrukege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + hurruke
person noun class singular plural
first person mpurruke tuhurruke
second person ohurruke muhurruke
third person 1/2 ahurruke bahurruke
3/4 guhurruke ehurruke
5/6 lihurruke gahurruke
7/8 kihurruke bihurruke
9/10 ehurruke zihurruke
11/10 ruhurruke
12/14 kahurruke buhurruke
13 — tuhurruke
14/6 buhurruke gahurruke
15/6 kuhurruke
16 hahurruke —
negative
subject concord + -tahurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person ntahurruka tutahurruka
second person otahurruka mutahurruka
third person 1/2 atahurruka batahurruka
3/4 gutahurruka etahurruka
5/6 litahurruka gatahurruka
7/8 kitahurruka bitahurruka
9/10 etahurruka zitahurruka
11/10 rutahurruka
12/14 katahurruka butahurruka
13 — tutahurruka
14/6 butahurruka gatahurruka
15/6 kutahurruka
16 hatahurruka —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + hurrukege
person noun class singular plural
first person mpurrukege tuhurrukege
second person ohurrukege muhurrukege
third person 1/2 ahurrukege bahurrukege
3/4 guhurrukege ehurrukege
5/6 lihurrukege gahurrukege
7/8 kihurrukege bihurrukege
9/10 ehurrukege zihurrukege
11/10 ruhurrukege
12/14 kahurrukege buhurrukege
13 — tuhurrukege
14/6 buhurrukege gahurrukege
15/6 kuhurrukege
16 hahurrukege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhurruka twakuhurruka
second person waakuhurruka mwakuhurruka
third person 1/2 yaakuhurruka baakuhurruka
3/4 gwakuhurruka yaakuhurruka
5/6 lyakuhurruka gaakuhurruka
7/8 kyakuhurruka byakuhurruka
9/10 yaakuhurruka zaakuhurruka
11/10 rwakuhurruka
12/14 kaakuhurruka bwakuhurruka
13 — twakuhurruka
14/6 bwakuhurruka gaakuhurruka
15/6 kwakuhurruka
16 haakuhurruka —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhurruka
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhurruka titwakuhurruka
second person tiwaakuhurruka timwakuhurruka
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhurruka tibaakuhurruka
3/4 tigwakuhurruka tiyaakuhurruka
5/6 tiryakuhurruka tigaakuhurruka
7/8 tikyakuhurruka tibyakuhurruka
9/10 tiyaakuhurruka tizaakuhurruka
11/10 tirwakuhurruka
12/14 tikaakuhurruka tibwakuhurruka
13 — titwakuhurruka
14/6 tibwakuhurruka tigaakuhurruka
15/6 tikwakuhurruka
16 tihaakuhurruka —
subject concord + -taakuhurruka
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakuhurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakuhurrukire twakuhurrukire
second person waakuhurrukire mwakuhurrukire
third person 1/2 yaakuhurrukire baakuhurrukire
3/4 gwakuhurrukire yaakuhurrukire
5/6 lyakuhurrukire gaakuhurrukire
7/8 kyakuhurrukire byakuhurrukire
9/10 yaakuhurrukire zaakuhurrukire
11/10 rwakuhurrukire
12/14 kaakuhurrukire bwakuhurrukire
13 — twakuhurrukire
14/6 bwakuhurrukire gaakuhurrukire
15/6 kwakuhurrukire
16 haakuhurrukire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakuhurrukire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakuhurrukire titwakuhurrukire
second person tiwaakuhurrukire timwakuhurrukire
third person 1/2 tiyaakuhurrukire tibaakuhurrukire
3/4 tigwakuhurrukire tiyaakuhurrukire
5/6 tiryakuhurrukire tigaakuhurrukire
7/8 tikyakuhurrukire tibyakuhurrukire
9/10 tiyaakuhurrukire tizaakuhurrukire
11/10 tirwakuhurrukire
12/14 tikaakuhurrukire tibwakuhurrukire
13 — titwakuhurrukire
14/6 tibwakuhurrukire tigaakuhurrukire
15/6 tikwakuhurrukire
16 tihaakuhurrukire —
subject concord + -taakuhurrukire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -hurrukira

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 232
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 128
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