horreo

See also: hórreo

Latin

FWOTD – 9 July 2013

Etymology

    From Proto-Italic *horzēō, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥s-éh₁-(ye)-ti, from *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”).[1]

    Cognate with hīrtus, eris (“hedgehog”), Welsh garw (“rough”), Sanskrit हृष्यति (hṛṣyati, “become erect or stiff or rigid; be glad”), हर्षयति (harṣayati, “to excite”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬱𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zarəšiiamna, “excited”).

    Pronunciation

    Verb

    horreō (present infinitive horrēre, perfect active horruī); second conjugation, no supine stem, third person-only in the passive

    1. to stand erect, stand on end
    2. to tremble, shiver
      • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.19–20:
        horrueram tacitōque animum pallōre fatēbar;
        tum dea, quōs fēcit, sustulit ipsa metūs
        I had trembled, and by my speechless pallor was betraying my emotion; then the goddess – she who caused it [to happen] – removed [my] fears herself.
        (The poet, writing about the month of June, first encounters Juno (mythology).)
    3. to dread, be afraid of
    4. to be frightful
    5. to be horrified at or of

    Conjugation

       Conjugation of horreō (second conjugation, no supine stem, third person-only in the passive)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present horreō horrēs horret horrēmus horrētis horrent
    imperfect horrēbam horrēbās horrēbat horrēbāmus horrēbātis horrēbant
    future horrēbō horrēbis horrēbit horrēbimus horrēbitis horrēbunt
    perfect horruī horruistī horruit horruimus horruistis horruērunt,
    horruēre
    pluperfect horrueram horruerās horruerat horruerāmus horruerātis horruerant
    future perfect horruerō horrueris horruerit horruerimus horrueritis horruerint
    passive present — — horrētur — — horrentur
    imperfect — — horrēbātur — — horrēbantur
    future — — horrēbitur — — horrēbuntur
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present horream horreās horreat horreāmus horreātis horreant
    imperfect horrērem horrērēs horrēret horrērēmus horrērētis horrērent
    perfect horruerim horruerīs horruerit horruerīmus horruerītis horruerint
    pluperfect horruissem horruissēs horruisset horruissēmus horruissētis horruissent
    passive present — — horreātur — — horreantur
    imperfect — — horrērētur — — horrērentur
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — horrē — — horrēte —
    future — horrētō horrētō — horrētōte horrentō
    passive future — — horrētor — — horrentor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present horrēre horrērī horrēns —
    future — — — horrendum
    perfect horruisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    horrendī horrendō horrendum horrendō — —

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Balkano-Romance (blended with horrēscere):
      • Aromanian: urãscu, urãri
      • Romanian: urî
      • → Albanian: urrej
    • Italo-Romance:
    • Gallo-Romance:

    Adjective

    horreō

    1. dative/ablative singular of horreum

    References

    1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “horreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290

    Further reading

    • “horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “horreo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “horreo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • his hair stands on end: capilli horrent
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