gugur
Indonesian
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡʊr]
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -uɡur
- Syllabification: gu‧gur
Verb
gugur
- to fall
- (somewhat euphemistic) to be born prematurely
- to be null and void, to fail, to lapse
- Synonym: batal
- to be eliminated
Derived terms
- berguguran
- digugurkan
- guguran
- keguguran (“miscarriage; to have miscarriage”)
- menggugurkan
- pengguguran (“termination; abortion”)
Related terms
- gugur gunung
Adjective
gugur (not comparable)
Further reading
- “gugur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Malay
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *guur (“to fall, be shed”).
Pronunciation
- (schwa-variety) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡo(r)/ [ˈɡu.ɡo(r)]
- Rhymes: -uɡo(r), -ɡo(r), -o(r)
- (Baku) IPA(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡur]
- Rhymes: -uɡur, -ɡur, -ur
- Hyphenation: gu‧gur
Verb
gugur (Jawi spelling ݢوݢور)
- to fall (of accidental or involuntary manner - fruits, stars, leaves etc)
- to descend
- to collapse
- to be overthrown or defeated
- Synonym: dikalahkan
- to die, especially in battle or by disease
- to be born prematurely
- to be null and void, to fail, to lapse
- Synonym: batal
- to be eliminated
- Synonym: disingkirkan
Derived terms
Affixations
- berguguran
- digugurkan
- guguran
- keguguran (“miscarriage; to have miscarriage”)
- menggugurkan
- pengguguran (“termination; abortion”)
Descendants
- > Indonesian: gugur (inherited)
References
- Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “ݢوݢر goegoer”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 108-9
- Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “ݢوݢر gugor”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 582
- Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “gugur”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 377-8
Further reading
- "gugur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017