gafael

Welsh

Etymology

    From Middle Welsh gauael, from Proto-Brythonic *gaβaɨl, from Proto-Celtic *gabaglā (compare Cornish gavel, Old Breton gabael, Old Irish gabál), verbal noun of *gabyeti (“to take, hold”) (compare Old Irish gaibid), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰh₁bʰ- (compare Latin habeō, German geben).

    Pronunciation

    • (North Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡavaɨ̯l/
      • (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡavɛl/, /ˈɡaval/
    • (South Wales, standard) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːvai̯l/, /ˈɡavai̯l/
      • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ˈɡaːvɛl/, /ˈɡavɛl/

    Verb

    gafael (first-person singular present gafaelaf)

    1. to hold
      Synonym: cymryd
    2. to grasp, grip
      Synonym: cydio

    Conjugation

    Conjugation of gafael (literary)
    singular plural impersonal
    first second third first second third
    present indicative/future gafaelaf gafaeli gafael, gafaela gafaelwn gafaelwch gafaelant gafaelir
    imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/
    conditional     		gafaelwn gafaelit gafaelai gafaelem gafaelech gafaelent gafaelid
    preterite gafaelais gafaelaist gafaelodd gafaelasom gafaelasoch gafaelasant gafaelwyd
    pluperfect gafaelaswn gafaelasit gafaelasai gafaelasem gafaelasech gafaelasent gafaelasid, gafaelesid
    present subjunctive gafaelwyf gafaelych gafaelo gafaelom gafaeloch gafaelont gafaeler
    imperative — gafael gafaeled gafaelwn gafaelwch gafaelent gafaeler
    verbal noun gafael
    verbal adjectives gafaeledig
    gafaeladwy
    Conjugation of gafael (colloquial)
    inflected
    colloquial forms     		singular plural
    first second third first second third
    future gafaela i,
    gafaelaf i     		gafaeli di gafaelith o/e/hi,
    gafaeliff e/hi     		gafaelwn ni gafaelwch chi gafaelan nhw
    conditional gafaelwn i,
    gafaelswn i     		gafaelet ti,
    gafaelset ti     		gafaelai fo/fe/hi,
    gafaelsai fo/fe/hi     		gafaelen ni,
    gafaelsen ni     		gafaelech chi,
    gafaelsech chi     		gafaelen nhw,
    gafaelsen nhw
    preterite gafaelais i,
    gafaeles i     		gafaelaist ti,
    gafaelest ti     		gafaelodd o/e/hi gafaelon ni gafaeloch chi gafaelon nhw
    imperative — gafaela — — gafaelwch —

    Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

    Derived terms

    • gafaelfach (“grappling hook”)
    • gafaelgar (“gripping, captivating, catchy”)
    • ymafael (“to seize”)

    Mutation

    Mutated forms of gafael
    radical soft nasal aspirate
    gafael afael ngafael unchanged

    Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
    All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

    Further reading

    • D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “gafael”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
    • R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “gafael”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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