frouwa

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

vrouwa

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ.

Noun

frouwa f

lady

Inflection

Declension of frouwa (feminine ō/ōn-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	frouwa	frouwa, frouwon
accusative	frouwa, frouwon	frouwa, frouwon
genitive	frouwon	frouwono
dative	frouwon	frouwon

Derived terms

juncfrouwa

Descendants

Middle Dutch: vrouwe
- Dutch: vrouwe (“lady”), vrouw (“woman”)
  - Afrikaans: vrou
    - → English: vrou
  - Negerhollands: vro, vrou, frou, fru, vrow
    - → Virgin Islands Creole: fru (dated)
  - → Aukan: folow
  - → English: vrouw
  - → Sranan Tongo: frow
- Limburgish: Vro, vrów
- West Flemish: vrouwe
- Zealandic: vrouwe
- → English: frow

References

“frouwa”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Alternative forms

frowa

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā. Cognate with Old Dutch frouwa, Old Saxon frūe, frūa, Old English frōwe.

Noun

frouwa f

woman, lady

Declension

Declension of **frouwa** (ō-stem)
case	singular	plural
nominative	frouwa	frouwā
accusative	frouwa	frouwā
genitive	frouwa	frouwōno
dative	frouwu	frouwōm

Descendants

Middle High German: vrouwe, vrowe, frouwe, frowe, vrou, frou, vro, fro (before proper names)
- Alemannic German: Frau
  - Alsatian: Fràui, Fràù, Frài, Froi, Fròi, Fraù, Frœy, Fráw, Frá
  - Walser: frou
- Bavarian: Frau
  - Cimbrian: brau, vrau
- Central Franconian: Fraa
  - Hunsrik: Fraa
  - Luxembourgish: Fra
- East Central German: Fraa
  - Silesian East Central German: Froo
- German: Frau, Fr. (abbreviation), Fraue (archaic), Frauw, Fraw, Frawe (obsolete)
  - Unserdeutsch: Frau
  - → English: frau
  - → Russian: фра́у (fráu)
- Rhine Franconian: Fraa
  - Pennsylvania German: Fraa
  - Palatine German: Fraa
- Vilamovian: fraoj
- Yiddish: פֿרוי (froy)

References

Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch‎^[1] (in German), 6th edition
Wright, Joseph (1906), An Old High German Primer‎^[2], second edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press