fascis

Latin

Etymology

    Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰaskyo- (“bundle”), whence also perhaps Welsh baich (“load, burden”) and Middle Irish basc (“neckband”).[1] Given the restriction to Italo-Celtic, it is not certain whether the term dates back to Proto-Indo-European.[2] The term has been connected to Ancient Greek φάκελος (phákelos) and Ancient Greek βάσκιοι (báskioi), though de Vaan rejects this proposal on account of the irregular variation within Greek and the lack of an exact formal match.[1] Thus also, not known to have any relation to fascinum. Moreover, the term has been connected to Albanian bashkë (“together”).[3] According to Kroonen, the term is probably not connected with Germanic forms such as Old English bæst.[4]

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    fascis m (genitive fascis); third declension

    1. A faggot, fascine; bundle, packet, package, parcel.
    2. A burden, load.
    3. (usually in the plural) A bundle carried by lictors before the highest magistrates, consisting of rods and an axe, with which criminals were scourged and beheaded.
    4. A high office, like the consulship.

    Declension

    Third-declension noun (i-stem).

    singular plural
    nominative fascis fascēs
    genitive fascis fascium
    dative fascī fascibus
    accusative fascem fascēs
    fascīs
    ablative fasce fascibus
    vocative fascis fascēs

    Synonyms

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Ibero-Romance:
      • Aragonese: faixo
      • Asturian: feixe, feix, fexe
      • Old Galician-Portuguese: feixe
      • Spanish: haz
    • Gallo-Romance:
    • Italo-Romance:
    • Borrowings:

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “fascis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 203
    2. ^ Pronk, Tijmen (2019), “Proto-Indo-European *a”, in Indo-European Linguistics, volume 7, page 147 of 122–163
    3. ^ Stifter, David (2024), “Prehistoric layers of loanwords in Old Irish”, in Guus Kroonen, editor, Sub-Indo-European Europe: Problems, Methods, Results (Trends in Linguistics Studies and Monographs), volume 375, Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, page 172
    4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*basta-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 55
    • “fascis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “fascis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “fascis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to walk before with the fasces; to lower the fasces: fasces praeferre, summittere
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