emerra

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Common Bantu *-jémɪdɪda, ultimately from Proto-Bantu *-jɪ́ma. By surface analysis, -ema (“to stand up; to rebel”) +‎ -err- (intensive affix). Doublet of -imuka (“to rise up”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /eméra/

Verb

-emerra (infinitive okwemerra) (intransitive)

  1. to stand
  2. to stop

Conjugation

Conjugation of -emerra
infinitives
affirmative okwemerra
negative okuteemerra
imperatives
affirmative yemerra
negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms)
tense polarity basic forms relative forms1
present habitual affirmative
subject concord + -emerra
person noun class singular plural
first person nyemerra twemerra
second person oyemerra mwemerra
third person 1/2 ayemerra beemerra
3/4 gwemerra eyemerra
5/6 lyemerra geemerra
7/8 kyemerra byemerra
9/10 eyemerra zeemerra
11/10 rwemerra
12/14 keemerra bwemerra
13 — twemerra
14/6 bwemerra geemerra
15/6 kwemerra
16 heemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -emerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyemerra titwemerra
second person toyemerra timwemerra
third person 1/2 tayemerra tibeemerra
3/4 tigwemerra teyemerra
5/6 tiryemerra tigeemerra
7/8 tikyemerra tibyemerra
9/10 teyemerra tizeemerra
11/10 tirwemerra
12/14 tikeemerra tibwemerra
13 — titwemerra
14/6 tibwemerra tigeemerra
15/6 tikwemerra
16 tiheemerra —
subject concord + -teemerra
present continuous affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -emerra
person noun class singular plural
first person ninyemerra nitwemerra
second person nooyemerra nimwemerra
third person 1/2 naayemerra nibeemerra
3/4 nigwemerra neeyemerra
5/6 niryemerra nigeemerra
7/8 nikyemerra nibyemerra
9/10 neeyemerra nizeemerra
11/10 nirwemerra
12/14 nikeemerra nibwemerra
13 — nitwemerra
14/6 nibwemerra nigeemerra
15/6 nikwemerra
16 niheemerra —
subject concord + -rukwemerra
negative
ti- + subject concord + -rukwemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tindukwemerra titurukwemerra
second person torukwemerra timurukwemerra
third person 1/2 tarukwemerra tibarukwemerra
3/4 tigurukwemerra terukwemerra
5/6 tirirukwemerra tigarukwemerra
7/8 tikirukwemerra tibirukwemerra
9/10 terukwemerra tizirukwemerra
11/10 tirurukwemerra
12/14 tikarukwemerra tiburukwemerra
13 — titurukwemerra
14/6 tiburukwemerra tigarukwemerra
15/6 tikurukwemerra
16 tiharukwemerra —
subject concord + -tarukwemerra
present continuative affirmative
ni- + subject concord + -kyayemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person ninkyayemerra nitukyayemerra
second person nookyayemerra nimukyayemerra
third person 1/2 naakyayemerra nibakyayemerra
3/4 nigukyayemerra neekyayemerra
5/6 nirikyayemerra nigakyayemerra
7/8 nikikyayemerra nibikyayemerra
9/10 neekyayemerra nizikyayemerra
11/10 nirukyayemerra
12/14 nikakyayemerra nibukyayemerra
13 — nitukyayemerra
14/6 nibukyayemerra nigakyayemerra
15/6 nikukyayemerra
16 nihakyayemerra —
subject concord + -rukukyayemerra
negative
ti- + subject concord + -kyayemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkyayemerra titukyayemerra
second person tokyayemerra timukyayemerra
third person 1/2 takyayemerra tibakyayemerra
3/4 tigukyayemerra tekyayemerra
5/6 tirikyayemerra tigakyayemerra
7/8 tikikyayemerra tibikyayemerra
9/10 tekyayemerra tizikyayemerra
11/10 tirukyayemerra
12/14 tikakyayemerra tibukyayemerra
13 — titukyayemerra
14/6 tibukyayemerra tigakyayemerra
15/6 tikukyayemerra
16 tihakyayemerra —
subject concord + -takyayemerra
virtual present affirmative
subject concord + -ayemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person nayemerra twayemerra
second person wayemerra mwayemerra
third person 1/2 yayemerra baayemerra
3/4 gwayemerra yayemerra
5/6 lyayemerra gaayemerra
7/8 kyayemerra byayemerra
9/10 yayemerra zaayemerra
11/10 rwayemerra
12/14 kaayemerra bwayemerra
13 — twayemerra
14/6 bwayemerra gaayemerra
15/6 kwayemerra
16 haayemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ayemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tinayemerra titwayemerra
second person tiwayemerra timwayemerra
third person 1/2 tiyayemerra tibaayemerra
3/4 tigwayemerra tiyayemerra
5/6 tiryayemerra tigaayemerra
7/8 tikyayemerra tibyayemerra
9/10 tiyayemerra tizaayemerra
11/10 tirwayemerra
12/14 tikaayemerra tibwayemerra
13 — titwayemerra
14/6 tibwayemerra tigaayemerra
15/6 tikwayemerra
16 tihaayemerra —
subject concord + -taayemerra
present perfect affirmative
subject concord + -emeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person nyemeriire twemeriire
second person oyemeriire mwemeriire
third person 1/2 ayemeriire beemeriire
3/4 gwemeriire eyemeriire
5/6 lyemeriire geemeriire
7/8 kyemeriire byemeriire
9/10 eyemeriire zeemeriire
11/10 rwemeriire
12/14 keemeriire bwemeriire
13 — twemeriire
14/6 bwemeriire geemeriire
15/6 kwemeriire
16 heemeriire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -emeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyemeriire titwemeriire
second person toyemeriire timwemeriire
third person 1/2 tayemeriire tibeemeriire
3/4 tigwemeriire teyemeriire
5/6 tiryemeriire tigeemeriire
7/8 tikyemeriire tibyemeriire
9/10 teyemeriire tizeemeriire
11/10 tirwemeriire
12/14 tikeemeriire tibwemeriire
13 — titwemeriire
14/6 tibwemeriire tigeemeriire
15/6 tikwemeriire
16 tiheemeriire —
subject concord + -teemeriire
near perfective affirmative
subject concord + -akeemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person nakeemerra twakeemerra
second person wakeemerra mwakeemerra
third person 1/2 yakeemerra baakeemerra
3/4 gwakeemerra yakeemerra
5/6 lyakeemerra gaakeemerra
7/8 kyakeemerra byakeemerra
9/10 yakeemerra zaakeemerra
11/10 rwakeemerra
12/14 kaakeemerra bwakeemerra
13 — twakeemerra
14/6 bwakeemerra gaakeemerra
15/6 kwakeemerra
16 haakeemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -keemeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkeemeriire titukeemeriire
second person tokeemeriire timukeemeriire
third person 1/2 takeemeriire tibakeemeriire
3/4 tigukeemeriire tekeemeriire
5/6 tirikeemeriire tigakeemeriire
7/8 tikikeemeriire tibikeemeriire
9/10 tekeemeriire tizikeemeriire
11/10 tirukeemeriire
12/14 tikakeemeriire tibukeemeriire
13 — titukeemeriire
14/6 tibukeemeriire tigakeemeriire
15/6 tikukeemeriire
16 tihakeemeriire —
subject concord + -takeemeriire
near past affirmative
subject concord + -emeriirege
person noun class singular plural
first person nyemeriirege twemeriirege
second person oyemeriirege mwemeriirege
third person 1/2 ayemeriirege beemeriirege
3/4 gwemeriirege eyemeriirege
5/6 lyemeriirege geemeriirege
7/8 kyemeriirege byemeriirege
9/10 eyemeriirege zeemeriirege
11/10 rwemeriirege
12/14 keemeriirege bwemeriirege
13 — twemeriirege
14/6 bwemeriirege geemeriirege
15/6 kwemeriirege
16 heemeriirege —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -emeriirege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinyemeriirege titwemeriirege
second person toyemeriirege timwemeriirege
third person 1/2 tayemeriirege tibeemeriirege
3/4 tigwemeriirege teyemeriirege
5/6 tiryemeriirege tigeemeriirege
7/8 tikyemeriirege tibyemeriirege
9/10 teyemeriirege tizeemeriirege
11/10 tirwemeriirege
12/14 tikeemeriirege tibwemeriirege
13 — titwemeriirege
14/6 tibwemeriirege tigeemeriirege
15/6 tikwemeriirege
16 tiheemeriirege —
subject concord + -teemeriirege
remote past affirmative
subject concord + -keemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person nkeemerra tukeemerra
second person okeemerra mukeemerra
third person 1/2 akeemerra bakeemerra
3/4 gukeemerra ekeemerra
5/6 likeemerra gakeemerra
7/8 kikeemerra bikeemerra
9/10 ekeemerra zikeemerra
11/10 rukeemerra
12/14 kakeemerra bukeemerra
13 — tukeemerra
14/6 bukeemerra gakeemerra
15/6 kukeemerra
16 hakeemerra —
subject concord + -ayemeriire
negative
subject concord + -teemerre
person noun class singular plural
first person nteemerre tuteemerre
second person oteemerre muteemerre
third person 1/2 ateemerre bateemerre
3/4 guteemerre eteemerre
5/6 liteemerre gateemerre
7/8 kiteemerre biteemerre
9/10 eteemerre ziiteemerre
11/10 ruteemerre
12/14 kateemerre buteemerre
13 — tuteemerre
14/6 buteemerre gateemerre
15/6 kuteemerre
16 hateemerre —
subject concord + -tarayemeriire
experiential perfective affirmative
subject concord + -rayemeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person ndayemeriire turayemeriire
second person orayemeriire murayemeriire
third person 1/2 arayemeriire barayemeriire
3/4 gurayemeriire erayemeriire
5/6 lirayemeriire garayemeriire
7/8 kirayemeriire birayemeriire
9/10 erayemeriire zirayemeriire
11/10 rurayemeriire
12/14 karayemeriire burayemeriire
13 — turayemeriire
14/6 burayemeriire garayemeriire
15/6 kurayemeriire
16 harayemeriire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -keemerraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinkeemerraga titukeemerraga
second person tokeemerraga timukeemerraga
third person 1/2 takeemerraga tibakeemerraga
3/4 tigukeemerraga tekeemerraga
5/6 tirikeemerraga tigakeemerraga
7/8 tikikeemerraga tibikeemerraga
9/10 tekeemerraga tizikeemerraga
11/10 tirukeemerraga
12/14 tikakeemerraga tibukeemerraga
13 — titukeemerraga
14/6 tibukeemerraga tigakeemerraga
15/6 tikukeemerraga
16 tihakeemerraga —
subject concord + -takeemerraga
cessative perfective affirmative
subject concord + -aayemeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person naayemeriire twayemeriire
second person waayemeriire mwayemeriire
third person 1/2 yaayemeriire baayemeriire
3/4 gwayemeriire yaayemeriire
5/6 lyayemeriire gaayemeriire
7/8 kyayemeriire byayemeriire
9/10 yaayemeriire zaayemeriire
11/10 rwayemeriire
12/14 kaayemeriire bwayemeriire
13 — twayemeriire
14/6 bwayemeriire gaayemeriire
15/6 kwayemeriire
16 haayemeriire —
past habitual affirmative
subject concord + -ayemerraga
person noun class singular plural
first person nayemerraga twayemerraga
second person wayemerraga mwayemerraga
third person 1/2 yayemerraga baayemerraga
3/4 gwayemerraga yayemerraga
5/6 lyayemerraga gaayemerraga
7/8 kyayemerraga byayemerraga
9/10 yayemerraga zaayemerraga
11/10 rwayemerraga
12/14 kaayemerraga bwayemerraga
13 — twayemerraga
14/6 bwayemerraga gaayemerraga
15/6 kwayemerraga
16 haayemerraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + ayemerraga
person noun class singular plural
first person tinayemerraga titwayemerraga
second person tiwayemerraga timwayemerraga
third person 1/2 tiyayemerraga tibaayemerraga
3/4 tigwayemerraga tiyayemerraga
5/6 tiryayemerraga tigaayemerraga
7/8 tikyayemerraga tibyayemerraga
9/10 tiyayemerraga tizaayemerraga
11/10 tirwayemerraga
12/14 tikaayemerraga tibwayemerraga
13 — titwayemerraga
14/6 tibwayemerraga tigaayemerraga
15/6 tikwayemerraga
16 tihaayemerraga —
subject concord + -taayemerraga
near future affirmative
subject concord + -raayemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaayemerra turaayemerra
second person oraayemerra muraayemerra
third person 1/2 araayemerra baraayemerra
3/4 guraayemerra eraayemerra
5/6 liraayemerra garaayemerra
7/8 kiraayemerra biraayemerra
9/10 eraayemerra ziraayemerra
11/10 ruraayemerra
12/14 karaayemerra buraayemerra
13 — turaayemerra
14/6 buraayemerra garaayemerra
15/6 kuraayemerra
16 haraayemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aayemerre
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaayemerre titwayemerre
second person tiwaayemerre timwayemerre
third person 1/2 tiyaayemerre tibaayemerre
3/4 tigwayemerre tiyaayemerre
5/6 tiryayemerre tigaayemerre
7/8 tikyayemerre tibyayemerre
9/10 tiyaayemerre tizaayemerre
11/10 tirwayemerre
12/14 tikaayemerre tibwayemerre
13 — titwayemerre
14/6 tibwayemerre tigaayemerre
15/6 tikwayemerre
16 tihaayemerre —
subject concord + -taayemerre
remote future affirmative
subject concord + -lyemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person ndyemerra tulyemerra
second person olyemerra mulyemerra
third person 1/2 alyemerra balyemerra
3/4 gulyemerra eryemerra
5/6 liryemerra galyemerra
7/8 kiryemerra biryemerra
9/10 eryemerra ziryemerra
11/10 rulyemerra
12/14 kalyemerra bulyemerra
13 — tulyemerra
14/6 bulyemerra galyemerra
15/6 kulyemerra
16 halyemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -lyemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tindyemerra titulyemerra
second person tolyemerra timulyemerra
third person 1/2 talyemerra tibalyemerra
3/4 tigulyemerra teryemerra
5/6 tiriryemerra tigalyemerra
7/8 tikiryemerra tibiryemerra
9/10 teryemerra tiziryemerra
11/10 tirulyemerra
12/14 tikalyemerra tibulyemerra
13 — titulyemerra
14/6 tibulyemerra tigalyemerra
15/6 tikulyemerra
16 tihalyemerra —
subject concord + -talyemerra
future habitual affirmative
subject concord + -raayemerraga
person noun class singular plural
first person ndaayemerraga turaayemerraga
second person oraayemerraga muraayemerraga
third person 1/2 araayemerraga baraayemerraga
3/4 guraayemerraga eraayemerraga
5/6 liraayemerraga garaayemerraga
7/8 kiraayemerraga biraayemerraga
9/10 eraayemerraga ziraayemerraga
11/10 ruraayemerraga
12/14 karaayemerraga buraayemerraga
13 — turaayemerraga
14/6 buraayemerraga garaayemerraga
15/6 kuraayemerraga
16 haraayemerraga —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aayemerrege
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaayemerrege titwayemerrege
second person tiwaayemerrege timwayemerrege
third person 1/2 tiyaayemerrege tibaayemerrege
3/4 tigwayemerrege tiyaayemerrege
5/6 tiryayemerrege tigaayemerrege
7/8 tikyayemerrege tibyayemerrege
9/10 tiyaayemerrege tizaayemerrege
11/10 tirwayemerrege
12/14 tikaayemerrege tibwayemerrege
13 — titwayemerrege
14/6 tibwayemerrege tigaayemerrege
15/6 tikwayemerrege
16 tihaayemerrege —
subject concord + -taayemerrege
subjunctive affirmative
subject concord + emerre
person noun class singular plural
first person nyemerre twemerre
second person wemerre mwemerre
third person 1/2 yemerre beemerre
3/4 gwemerre yemerre
5/6 lyemerre geemerre
7/8 kyemerre byemerre
9/10 yemerre zeemerre
11/10 rwemerre
12/14 keemerre bwemerre
13 — twemerre
14/6 bwemerre geemerre
15/6 kwemerre
16 heemerre —
negative
subject concord + -teemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person nteemerra tuteemerra
second person oteemerra muteemerra
third person 1/2 ateemerra bateemerra
3/4 guteemerra eteemerra
5/6 liteemerra gateemerra
7/8 kiteemerra biteemerra
9/10 eteemerra ziteemerra
11/10 ruteemerra
12/14 kateemerra buteemerra
13 — tuteemerra
14/6 buteemerra gateemerra
15/6 kuteemerra
16 hateemerra —
—
subjunctive habitual affirmative
subject concord + emerrege
person noun class singular plural
first person nyemerrege twemerrege
second person wemerrege mwemerrege
third person 1/2 yemerrege beemerrege
3/4 gwemerrege yemerrege
5/6 lyemerrege geemerrege
7/8 kyemerrege byemerrege
9/10 yemerrege zeemerrege
11/10 rwemerrege
12/14 keemerrege bwemerrege
13 — twemerrege
14/6 bwemerrege geemerrege
15/6 kwemerrege
16 heemerrege —
hypothetical affirmative
subject concord + -aakwemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person naakwemerra twakwemerra
second person waakwemerra mwakwemerra
third person 1/2 yaakwemerra baakwemerra
3/4 gwakwemerra yaakwemerra
5/6 lyakwemerra gaakwemerra
7/8 kyakwemerra byakwemerra
9/10 yaakwemerra zaakwemerra
11/10 rwakwemerra
12/14 kaakwemerra bwakwemerra
13 — twakwemerra
14/6 bwakwemerra gaakwemerra
15/6 kwakwemerra
16 haakwemerra —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakwemerra
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakwemerra titwakwemerra
second person tiwaakwemerra timwakwemerra
third person 1/2 tiyaakwemerra tibaakwemerra
3/4 tigwakwemerra tiyaakwemerra
5/6 tiryakwemerra tigaakwemerra
7/8 tikyakwemerra tibyakwemerra
9/10 tiyaakwemerra tizaakwemerra
11/10 tirwakwemerra
12/14 tikaakwemerra tibwakwemerra
13 — titwakwemerra
14/6 tibwakwemerra tigaakwemerra
15/6 tikwakwemerra
16 tihaakwemerra —
subject concord + -taakwemerra
conditional affirmative
subject concord + -aakwemeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person naakwemeriire twakwemeriire
second person waakwemeriire mwakwemeriire
third person 1/2 yaakwemeriire baakwemeriire
3/4 gwakwemeriire yaakwemeriire
5/6 lyakwemeriire gaakwemeriire
7/8 kyakwemeriire byakwemeriire
9/10 yaakwemeriire zaakwemeriire
11/10 rwakwemeriire
12/14 kaakwemeriire bwakwemeriire
13 — twakwemeriire
14/6 bwakwemeriire gaakwemeriire
15/6 kwakwemeriire
16 haakwemeriire —
negative
ti- + subject concord + -aakwemeriire
person noun class singular plural
first person tinaakwemeriire titwakwemeriire
second person tiwaakwemeriire timwakwemeriire
third person 1/2 tiyaakwemeriire tibaakwemeriire
3/4 tigwakwemeriire tiyaakwemeriire
5/6 tiryakwemeriire tigaakwemeriire
7/8 tikyakwemeriire tibyakwemeriire
9/10 tiyaakwemeriire tizaakwemeriire
11/10 tirwakwemeriire
12/14 tikaakwemeriire tibwakwemeriire
13 — titwakwemeriire
14/6 tibwakwemeriire tigaakwemeriire
15/6 tikwakwemeriire
16 tihaakwemeriire —
subject concord + -taakwemeriire

1 The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.


Derived terms

  • Verbal derivations:
    • Applicative: -emererra
    • Short causative: -emereza

References

  • Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎[1], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 232–233, 348
  • Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎[2], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 76
  • Entry 3355 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
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