dyrektor

Polish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Etymology tree
Proto-Italic *dwizrektos
Proto-Indo-European *h₃reǵ-
Proto-Indo-European *h₃réǵeti
Proto-Italic *dwizregō
Latin dīrigō
Latin dīrēctus
Proto-Indo-European *-tōr
Proto-Italic *-tōr
Latin -tor
Late Latin dīrēctorlbor.
▲
German Direktorsl.
▲
French directeursl.
Polish dyrektor

    Learned borrowing from Late Latin dīrēctor.[1][2] Noun 1 sense 1 and noun 1 sense 2 are semantic loans from German Direktor and French directeur.[1][3][4]

    Pronunciation

     
    • IPA(key): /dɘˈrɛk.tɔr/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɛktɔr
    • Syllabification: dy‧rek‧tor

    Noun

    dyrektor m pers (female equivalent dyrektorka, related adjective dyrektorski, abbreviation dyr. or dyrekt.)

    2. director (person in charge of a directorate)
    4. director (person who manages the work of an institution or enterprise)
      Synonym: dyro
      1. principal (director of a school)
    5. (archaic) conductor (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)
      Synonym: dyrygent
    6. (Chełmno) rural teacher; village teacher
    7. (obsolete) home teacher (teacher who comes to someone's house)
    8. (obsolete) councilor (teacher who guides children, especially in moral development)
    9. (obsolete, Roman Catholicism) confessor (priest who hears confession and then gives absolution)
      Synonym: spowiednik
    10. (Middle Polish) royal council (one who advises the king or queen)

    Declension

    Declension of dyrektor
    singular plural
    nominative dyrektor dyrektorzy/dyrektorowie
    genitive dyrektora dyrektorów
    dative dyrektorowi dyrektorom
    accusative dyrektora dyrektorów
    instrumental dyrektorem dyrektorami
    locative dyrektorze dyrektorach
    vocative dyrektorze dyrektorzy/dyrektorowie

    Derived terms

    nouns
    • dyrektor kreatywny

    Descendants

    • → Kashubian: direktór

    Trivia

    According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), dyrektor is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1 time in scientific texts, 33 times in news, 29 times in essays, 24 times in fiction, and 54 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 141 times, making it the 424th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[5]

    Noun

    dyrektor f (indeclinable)

    1. female equivalent of dyrektor (“head, principal, headmaster”)
      Synonym: dyrektorka
    2. female equivalent of dyrektor (“director, supervisor, manager”)
      Synonym: dyrektorka
    3. (archaic) female equivalent of dyrektor (“conductor”) (person who conducts an orchestra, choir or other music ensemble)
      Synonym: dyrektorka

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “dyrektor”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
    2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “dyrektor”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
    3. ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “dyrektor”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
    4. ^ Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “dyrektor”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎[1] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
    5. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “dyrektor”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[2] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 97

    Further reading

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